HbA1c Cutoff Point of 5.9% Better Identifies High Risk of Progression to Diabetes among Chinese Adults: Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of individuals with NGT and IGR based on their glycemic status at follow-up.

	NGT at baseline				IGR at baseline
	Total NGT	Remained as NGT	Progressed to IGR	Progressed to DM	Total IGR	Regressed to NGT	Remained as IGR	Progressed to DM
Numbers (%)	2227	1619 (72.7)	508 (22.8)	100 (4.5)	561	197 (35.1)	254 (45.3)	110 (19.6)
Male, (%)	698	462 (66.2)	194 (27.8)	42 (6.0)	189	64 (33.9)	84 (44.4)	41 (21.7)
Female, (%)	1529	1157 (75.7)	314 (20.5)	58 (3.8)	372	133 (35.8)	170 (45.7)	69 (18.5)
Age (years)	56.9 ± 8.9	56 ± 8.8	59.1 ± 8.7^a	60.6 ± 7.7^a	59.75 ± 9.0	57.7 ± 9.1	60.3 ± 8.4^c	62.0 ± 9.5^c
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.9 ± 3.3	25.7 ± 3.3	26.4 ± 3.3^a	26.5 ± 3.9^a	26.4 ± 3.3	26.2 ± 3.3	26.4 ± 3.1	26.6 ± 3.8
Waist size, male (cm)	89.6 ± 9.1	88.9 ± 9.1	91.6 ± 9.3^a	91.8 ± 7.1^a	90.2 ± 8.9	89.0 ± 9.7	91.0 ± 8.4	90.4 ± 8.7
Waist size, female (cm)	83.5 ± 9.7	82.9 ± 9.6	85.1 ± 9.9^a	86.5 ± 10.2^a	86.2 ± 9.6	85.4 ± 10.3	86.4 ± 9.2	87.3 ± 9.3
Systolic BP (mmHg)	138.1 ± 20.1	136.6 ± 20.1	142.1 ± 18.9^a	141 ± 22.7^a	140.7 ± 19.9	138.7 ± 18.8	142.3 ± 20.5	140.7 ± 20.3
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	80.1 ± 11.8	79.7 ± 11.8	81.5 ± 11.8^a	79.9 ± 11.9	82.2 ± 11.5	82.7 ± 11.4	82.6 ± 12.0	80.3 ± 10.6
Heart rate (beats/min)	77.5 ± 10.6	77.1 ± 10.2	78.5 ± 11.3^a	79.1 ± 12.2	79.0 ± 11.0	79.8 ± 11.3	78.6 ± 11.4	78.4 ± 9.3
FPG (mmol/L)	5.2 ± 0.4	5.1 ± 0.4	5.3 ± 0.4^a	5.4 ± 0.4^ab	6.1 ± 0.5	6.0 ± 0.5	6.1 ± 0.5	6.2 ± 0.4^cd
2hPG (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 1.0	5.2 ± 0.9	5.6 ± 1.0^a	5.7 ± 1.0^a	7.7 ± 1.6	7.4 ± 1.6	7.6 ± 1.6	8.2 ± 1.6^cd
HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 0.4	5.7 ± 0.3	5.8 ± 0.4^a	6.1 ± 0.6^ab	6.0 ± 0.5	5.8 ± 0.4	6.1 ± 0.4^c	6.4 ± 0.5^cd
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.4 ± 0.9	1.4 ± 0.9	1.6 ± 0.9^a	1.5 ± 0.9	1.7 ± 1.2	1.6 ± 0.9	1.9 ± 1.5^c	1.8 ± 1.0
Serum cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 0.9	5.3 ± 0.9	5.4 ± 1.0^a	5.3 ± 0.8	5.5 ± 0.9	5.4 ± 0.9	5.6 ± 1.0	5.6 ± 0.9
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.5 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.3^a	1.4 ± 0.3^a	1.4 ± 0.5	1.5 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.3^c	1.4 ± 0.3^c
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.1 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.8^a	3.1 ± 0.6	3.3 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.8	3.3 ± 0.8	3.3 ± 0.9
Serum Cr (μmol/L)	64.3 ± 10.0	63.7 ± 9.9	65.7 ± 10.0^a	66.7 ± 11.5^a	66.3 ± 11.5	66.2 ± 9.9	65.9 ± 11.6	67.6 ± 13.7
ALT (U/L)	12.3 ± 8.3	12.0 ± 7.5	12.5 ± 7.1	15.6 ± 8.7^ab	12.2 ± 7.7	11.5 ± 6.7	12.7 ± 8.5	12.6 ± 7.3
AST (U/L)	19.8 ± 7.5	19.4 ± 6.3	20.2 ± 8.0	22.5 ± 7.0^ab	20.0 ± 7.0	19.3 ± 6.3	20.4 ± 7.5	20.4 ± 7.3
GGT (U/L)	24.9 ± 19.7	24.1 ± 20.1	26.8 ± 18.0^a	26.9 ± 19.2	30.8 ± 24.1	28.7 ± 23.4	28.4 ± 16.6	40.3 ± 25.2^cd

Values are presented as the mean ± SD for continuous variables and (%) for proportions. ^a compared with individuals who remained as NGT; ^b compared to subjects who progressed to IGR; ^c compared to individuals who regressed to NGT; ^d compared with individuals who remained as IGR.