Vitamin D₃ Protects against Diabetic Retinopathy by Inhibiting High-Glucose-Induced Activation of the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

Figure 5

Vitamin D₃ inhibits glucose-induced ROS production in HRMECs. (a) To measure ROS production, cells were labelled with H2DCF-DA. The figures show representative data from three independent experiments. (b) Quantitative analysis of the measured fluorescence intensity was performed. Values are the means ± SD of three independent experiments (, : HG versus NG, , ##: HG + VD and HG + NAC versus HG, ). (c) Western blot and quantitative analyses of TXNIP from whole retinal extracts. Expression was normalized to that of β-tubulin. Data are the means ± SD, (: HG versus NG, , ##: HG + VD and HG + NAC versus HG, ).

(a)

(b)

(c)