| Parameter | Baseline | One-year follow-up | value | Control, Ia () | Diabetes, IIa () | Control, Ib () | Diabetes, IIb () | Ia versus IIa | Ib versus Ia | IIb versus IIa |
| Age, y | 54.4 ± 12.7 | 56.9 ± 14.7 | 55.3 ± 12.8 | 58.1 ± 14.6 | 0.488 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | Sex (M/F) | 6/6 | 18/14 | | | — | — | — | Duration of diabetes, y | — | 11.2 ± 9.2 | — | 12.4 ± 9.0 | | | ≤0.001 | Weight, kg | 63.8 ± 7.4 | 71.0 ± 16.5 | 63.4 ± 8.1 | 70.1 ± 14.5 | 0.155 | 0.692 | 0.318 | BMI, kg/m2 | 23.15 ± 2.40 | 25.80 ± 4.78 | 22.9 ± 2.20 | 25.50 ± 4.14 | 0.075 | 0.631 | 0.328 | SBP, mmHg | 122.3 ± 11.8 | 137.8 ± 16.3 | 122.8 ± 11.4 | 133.3 ± 14.2 | 0.005 | 0.564 | 0.175 | DBP, mmHg | 73.5 ± 5.6 | 82.6 ± 8.0 | 74.0 ± 5.5 | 81.3 ± 10.6 | 0.001 | 0.551 | 0.396 | TC, mmol/L | 4.88 ± 0.67 | 4.52 ± 1.07 | 4.71 ± 0.59 | 4.59 ± 1.14 | 0.407 | 0.296 | 0.902 | TG, mmol/L | 1.25 ± 0.56 | 1.94 ± 1.82 | 1.21 ± 0.51 | 1.78 ± 1.57 | 0.177 | 0.819 | 0.483 | LDLC, mmol/L | 2.78 ± 0.64 | 2.69 ± 0.72 | 2.67 ± 0.61 | 2.56 ± 0.83 | 0.884 | 0.457 | 0.326 | HDLC, mmol/L | 1.51 ± 0.28 | 1.22 ± 0.33 | 1.42 ± 0.28 | 1.30 ± 0.31 | 0.008 | 0.107 | 0.058 | HbA1c, % | 5.36 ± 0.12 | 8.22 ± 1.67 | 5.38 ± 0.11 | 7.58 ± 1.47 | ≤0.001 | 0.275 | 0.058 | TCSS | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 5.2 ± 4.5 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 4.8 | 0.001 | 0.674 | 0.338 | PMNCV, m/s | 50.20 ± 2.84 | 44.67 ± 4.07 | 49.34 ± 2.36 | 43.43 ± 3.80 | ≤0.001 | 0.201 | 0.496 | TMNCV, m/s | 50.56 ± 3.15 | 44.24 ± 4.60 | 50.03 ± 2.39 | 42.46 ± 4.76 | ≤0.001 | 0.341 | 0.439 | SPSNCV, m/s | 55.44 ± 3.99 | 48.71 ± 7.36 | 54.98 ± 3.23 | 46.76 ± 7.20 | ≤0.001 | 0.491 | 0.049 | SSNCV, m/s | 53.69 ± 3.05 | 48.34 ± 7.18 | 52.63 ± 2.00 | 44.92 ± 6.21 | 0.017 | 0.156 | 0.146 | CNFD, n/mm2 | 29.31 ± 4.31 | 18.71 ± 4.73 | 28.29 ± 3.38 | 19.12 ± 5.99 | ≤0.001 | 0.093 | 0.643 | CNBD, n/mm2 | 42.19 ± 13.91 | 21.80 ± 14.67 | 39.11 ± 18.11 | 20.78 ± 12.98 | 0.003 | 0.279 | 0.667 | CNFL, mm/mm2 | 17.96 ± 2.40 | 11.81 ± 2.46 | 17.15 ± 2.44 | 11.63 ± 2.72 | ≤0.001 | 0.191 | 0.737 |
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