Vitamin D, Gestational Diabetes, and Measures of Glucose Metabolism in a Population-Based Multiethnic Cohort

Table 3

Separate generalised linear models between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and each of the following dependent variables: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, and C-peptide (regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals). Associations according to vitamin D deficiency at inclusion (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) with vitamin D sufficiency (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) as reference.

	Univariate analysis				Multiple analysis (model 1)			Multiple analysis (model 2)			Multiple analysis (model 3)^a
	n	B	(95% CI)		B	(95% CI)		B	(95% CI)		B	(95% CI)
FPG^a	745	0.13	(0.04, 0.21)	<0.01	0.13	(0.04, 0.22)	<0.01	0.10	(0.01, 0.20)	0.04	0.017	(−0.10, 0.13)	0.77
HOMA-IR^b	731	0.16	(0.04, 0.28)	<0.01	0.19	(0.07, 0.32)	<0.01	0.14	(0.01, 0.27)	0.03	0.045	(−0.10, 0.20)	0.54
Insulin^c (fasting)	731	16	(6.4, 25)	<0.01	15.2	(5.6, 25)	<0.01	10	(0.39, 20)	0.04	−0.13	(−11, 11)	0.98
C-peptide^d (fasting)	731	70	(14, 125)	0.01	84	(26, 141)	<0.01	63	(5.2, 122)	0.03	21	(−45, 87)	0.54

Model 1: adjusted for age, parity, education, and season. Model 2: the same as model 1, with additional adjustment for the sum of skinfolds at visit 1 and change in skinfolds from visit 1 to visit 2. Model 3: the same as model 2, with additional adjustment for ethnicity/geographic origin. ^aFPG: , AIC (Akaike’ information criterion) = 1182; ^bHOMA-IR: , AIC = 1482; ^cInsulin: , AIC = 6971; ^dC-peptide: , AIC = 9259.