Treatment Adherence and Its Associated Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study

Table 3

Results of multiple logistic regressions for variables associated with general adherence and, for specific items of diet, exercise and medication adherence of the SDSCA questionnaire.

Dependent variable/independent covariates	OR	95% CI	value
General adherence
HDL cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase)	1.25	1.06–1.47	0.008
SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase)	1.07	1.01–1.12	0.021
BMI (1 kg/m^2 increase)	0.94	0.89–0.99	0.021
Age (1 year increase)	0.98	0.96–0.998	0.033
Presence of macrovascular complications (yes/no)	1.62	0.96–2.37	0.073
General adherence
Pain/limitation in the upper limbs (yes/no)	0.49	0.30–0.81	0.006
HDL cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase)	1.25	1.06–1.47	0.008
COPM (each 1-point increase)	1.18	1.04–1.35	0.012
Age (1-year increase)	0.97	0.95–0.99	0.014
SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase)	1.07	1.01–1.12	0.021
Presence of macrovascular complications (yes/no)	1.88	1.09–3.23	0.022
BMI (1 kg/m^2 increase)	0.96	0.91–1.01	0.098
General diet
HDL cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase)	1.19	1.02–1.37	0.022
SF-36 pain domain (each 10-point increase)	1.08	1.01–1.16	0.033
SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase)	1.04	0.99–1.09	0.076
General diet
COPM (each 1-point increase)	1.22	1.09–1.36	0.001
Pain/limitation in the upper limbs (yes/no)	0.59	0.38–0.90	0.015
HDL cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase)	1.19	1.02–1.38	0.025
Exercise
SF-36 pain domain (each 10-point increase)	1.13	1.04–1.21	0.002
SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase)	1.09	1.03–1.15	0.003
BMI (1 kg/m^2 increase)	0.94	0.89–0.99	0.011
Presence of peripheral neuropathy (yes/no)	0.55	0.31–0.95	0.032
Exercise
SF-36 emotional domain (each 10-point increase)	1.08	1.02–1.14	0.009
BMI (1 kg/m^2 increase)	0.94	0.90–0.99	0.029
Presence of peripheral neuropathy (yes/no)	0.55	0.31–0.95	0.032
Pain/limitation in the spine (yes/no)	0.61	0.39–0.98	0.039
COPM (each 1-point increase)	1.12	0.99–1.27	0.066
Female gender	1.53	0.95–2.45	0.082
Medication^†
HbA1c (1% increase)	0.73	0.62–0.86	<0.001
BMI (1 kg/m^2 increase)	0.92	0.86–0.99	0.022
Diabetes duration (1-year increase)	1.04	0.99–1.09	0.059

The candidate variables to enter these models were BMI, diabetes duration, SF-36 pain, physical activity and emotional domains, presence of macrovascular and microvascular complications, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and LDL and HDL cholesterol. Pain or joint limitation on the spine and lower and upper limbs and COPM entered the model instead of SF-36 pain and physical domain items. ^†Both models were identical. Age and gender were forced into all models. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPM, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.