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Author
Publication year
Country | Study design population | Population | Number of participants (male and female) | Age (mean age ± SD) | Glycaemic control measurement method(s) | Risk factors examined | Instrument used to measure risk factors |
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Ajabnoor
1987 [18]
Saudi Arabia | Case-control | Diabetics attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital diabetic clinic | Cases 73 (23, 50)
Controls 30 (19, 11) | — | HbA1c | Age, gender, FPG, and treatment modality | Questionnaire and lab test |
Binhemd
1992 [19]
Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | Females attending Diabetes and Endocrine Centre in Dammam | 300 (0, 300) | 42.6 ± 9.1 | HbA1c | KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice), diabetes type, and diabetes duration | Interview using a questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and lab test |
Al-Nuaim
1998 [20]
Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | National (different regions of SA) | 613 (320, 293) | Good control 47.0 ± 14.8
Poor control 51.5 ± 13.8 | RBG | Age, BMI, region, residency, gender, and treatment modalities | Interview using a questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and lab test |
Malik
1999 [24] United Arab Emirates | Cross-sectional | Patients attending Mafraq Hospital in Abu Dhabi and its surrounding health clinics | 696 | — | FPG | Age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes duration, family history, treatment modalities, and follow-up location | Interview using a questionnaire and lab test |
Abdelmoneim
2002 [21]
Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | Patients attending diabetic clinic in a primary healthcare centre | 198 (90, 108) | Males 59.5 ± 8.9
Females 53.8 ± 8.1 | FPG | Age, gender, family history, diabetes duration, BMI, cholesterol level, complications, number of health education session, and crowding index | Review of medical records |
Al-Kaabi
2008 [10]
United Arab Emirates | Cross-sectional | Diabetic patients attending outpatient clinic at Tawam Hospital and primary healthcare centres in Al Ain district | 409 (158, 251) | 51.4 ± 11.2 | HbA1c | Age, gender, marital status, level of education, occupation, smoking, eating practice, BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and lipid profile | Interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measures. Blood tests from medical records |
Al-Kaabi
2009 [11]
United Arab Emirates | Cross-sectional | Diabetic patients attending outpatient clinic at Tawam Hospital and primary healthcare centres in Al Ain district | 309 (68, 241) | 52 ± 9.9 | HbA1c | Age, gender, nationality, marital status, level of education, employment, income, diabetes duration, smoking, diabetes complications, physical activity, BMI, abdominal circumference, and blood pressure | Interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measures. Blood tests from medical records |
Al-Lawati
2012 [22]
Oman | Cross-sectional | Multicentred (different regions of Oman) | 1266 (570, 696) | 53.3 ± 11.5 | HbA1c | Age, gender, duration of diabetes, treatment modalities, BMI, eGFR, smoking, and healthcare index | Data collected from patients’ medical records |
Al-Hayek
2012 [8]
Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | Patients attending Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh | 147 (99, 48) | 57.3 ± 14.4 | HbA1c | Age, gender, marital status, employment, BMI, self-care management behaviour, self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, anxiety, and depression | Interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measures. Blood tests from medical records |
Shamsi
2013 [25]
Bahrain | Cross-sectional | Patients attending 5 healthcare centres in Bahrain | 400 (192, 208) | 54.7 ± 9.95 | HbA1c | Dietary practice | Interviewer-administered uestionnaire. Anthropometric measures and blood tests results were collected from medical records |
Al Balushi
2014 [14]
Oman | Cross-sectional | Type 2 patients attending Al Dakhliya region primary healthcare centre | 177 (71, 106) | 53 ± 12 | FBG
HbA1c | Age, gender, diabetes duration, BMI, blood pressure, creatinine, and lipid profile | Data collected from patients’ medical records |
Alrahbi
2014 [23]
Oman | Cross-sectional | Patients attending 35 healthcare centres in Muscat and Al Dakhliya | 266 (121, 145) | — | HbA1c | Diabetes self-management | Self-administered questionnaire and blood test for HbA1c |
D’Souza
2015 [15]
Oman | Cross-sectional | Patients attending diabetic clinic at a public hospital in Oman | 300 (143, 157) | — | HbA1c | Age, gender, education, diabetes duration, diabetes education, medication, and BMI | Interviewer-administered questionnaire and patient’s medical records for HbA1c |
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