Fasting Plasma Glucose Indicates Reversibility of the Acute Insulin Response after Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Various Duration of Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Response to short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) in all participants.
Overall
Group A ()
Group B ()
Sex (male/female)
36/26
12/7
24/19
0.78
Age (years)
55.9 ± 10.8
57.3 ± 11.8
52.5 ± 7.1
0.05
Duration of diabetes (years)
3.0 (0.2, 7.3)
1.0 (0.2, 3.5)
3.5(0.3, 9.0)
0.10
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Before SIIT
24.6 ± 3.0
25.7 ± 2.4
24.2 ± 3.1
0.69
After SIIT
24.6 ± 3.0
25.4 ± 2.5
24.1 ± 3.1
0.12
Waist circumference (cm)
Before SIIT
87.4 ± 8.8
90.8 ± 7.0
85.8 ± 9.2
0.04
After SIIT
86.4 ± 8.3
88.9 ± 7.0
85.2 ± 8.7
0.11
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
Before SIIT
12.0 ± 3.0
10.5 ± 2.2
12.7 ± 3.1
0.007
After SIIT
7.7 ± 1.63
6.6 ± 1.1
8.2 ± 1.6
<0.001
Postprandial plasma glucose (mmol/L)
Before SIIT
17.3 ± 5.2
16.1 ± 5.2
17.8 ± 5.2
0.25
After SIIT
11.5 ± 3.7
9.2 ± 2.1
12.5 ± 3.8
0.001
HbA1c
Before SIIT (%)
10.4 ± 1.9
9.9 ± 1.5
10.6 ± 2.0
0.22
(mmol/mol)
92.4 ± 20.0
87.9 ± 16.5
94.6 ± 22.0
After SIIT (%)
9.3 ± 1.5
8.7 ± 1.2
9.5 ± 1.6
0.07
(mmol/mol)
80.3 ± 16.5
74.1 ± 13.2
82.5 ± 17.6
Uric acid (μmol/L)
Before SIIT
358.4 ± 91.7
400.7 ± 68.6
339.7 ± 95.2
0.15
After SIIT
355.9 ± 78.3
383.7 ± 55.8
343.6 ± 84.0
0.03
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
Before SIIT
5.5 ± 1.2
5.3 ± 1.0
5.7 ± 1.3
0.27
After SIIT
5.3 ± 1.2
5.0 ± 1.1
5.4 ± 1.2
0.23
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
Before SIIT
2.0 ± 1.3
2.1 ± 1.5
1.9 ± 1.2
0.51
After SIIT
1.5 ± 0.6
1.6 ± 0.5
1.5 ± 0.6
0.38
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
Before SIIT
1.1 ± 0.2
1.0 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.3
0.15
After SIIT
1.2 ± 0.2
1.00 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.3
<0.001
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
Before SIIT
3.8 ± 0.9
3.7 ± 0.7
3.8 ± 0.9
0.46
After SIIT
3.5 ± 0.9
3.4 ± 0.8
3.6 ± 0.9
0.61
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
Before SIIT
26.6 ± 14.3
28.3 ± 9.8
25.8 ± 15.9
0.53
After SIIT
26.2 ± 17.2
25.5 ± 10.3
26. 6 ± 19.6
0.82
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
Before SIIT
22.7 ± 7.5
25.0 ± 7.2
21.7 ± 7.2
0.12
After SIIT
24.7 ± 8.8
24.6 ± 7.0
24.8 ± 9.5
0.93
Fasting serum insulin (pmol/L)
Before SIIT
48.0 ± 32.4
60.1 ± 31.8
43.2 ± 31.8
0.06
After SIIT
39.0 ± 27.6
44.9 ± 28.2
36.6 ± 27.6
0.27
Fasting C peptide (nmol/L)
Before SIIT
0.8 ± 0.3
1.0 ± 0.3
0.7 ± 0.3
0.001
After SIIT
0.7 ± 0.2
0. 8 ± 0.2
0.6 ± 0.2
0.01
HOMA-B
Before SIIT
18.7 (9.6, 24.2)
24.5 (16.1, 36.3)
15.5 (6.7, 23.8)
0.002
After SIIT
28.5 (18.6, 42.7)
49.9 (32.8, 64.9)
22.0 (16. 2, 32.7)
<0.001
HOMA-IR
Before SIIT
3.4 (2.2, 5.5)
4.7 (2.4, 6.7)
3.1 (2.1, 4.8)
0.18
After SIIT
1.7 (1.2, 2.6)
1.8 (1.4, 2.4)
1.6 (1.2, 3.0)
0.77
Acute insulin response (pmol/L·min)
Before SIIT
−16.7 (−117.4, 52.4)
16.7 ± 202.8
−23.4 ± 129.0
0.35
After SIIT
178.7 (31.8, 390.7)
480.0 (395.4, 725.4)
69.4 (5.7, 188.7)
<0.001
△AIR
264.5 ± 332.6
600.0 ± 390.6
116.0 ± 147.0
<0.001
Group A: participants with acute insulin response (AIR) after SIIT ≥ 300 pmol/L·min. Group B: participants with AIR after SIIT < 300 pmol/L·min. compared with baseline. compared with baseline.
