Pancreatic Beta Cell Death: Novel Potential Mechanisms in Diabetes Therapy

Figure 5

Pyroptosis: IL-1β causes activation of caspase 1 and the later formation of the macromolecular complex like the inflammasome, which interacts with other mechanisms that have been previously described. This favors ROS production at the mitochondrial level, mitochondrial DNA release, or cardiolipin and cathepsins release to the cytosol after lysosomal destabilization (see text). ROS: reactive oxygen species; PYD: N-terminal pyrin domain; NLR: nod-like receptors; NOD: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein; ASC: apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD; CARD: caspase recruitment domain; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL-1R1: interleukin 1 receptor type 1.