Clinical Implications of Urinary C-Peptide Creatinine Ratio in Patients with Different Types of Diabetes
Table 1
Characteristics of 56 subjects with T1DM, 136 subjects with T2DM, 23 subjects with monogenic diabetes, and 59 healthy controls. All subjects were from the Beijing area, China.
T1DM ()
T2DM ()
Monogenic diabetes ()
Healthy subjects ()
value T1DM vs. T2DM
value T1DM vs. monogenic diabetes
value T2DM vs. monogenic diabetes
Male (%)
28 (50.0)
87 (64.0)✡
13 (56.5)✡
26 (44.1)
0.073
0.549
0.494
Diagnosis age (yrs)
32.0 (23.3-46.0)
42.0 (32.0-49.0)
31.0 (23.0-34.5)
—
0.009
0.160
<0.001
Age (yrs)
46.0 (26.5-59.5)✡
53.0 (42.0-60.0)✡
35.0 (30.0-47.0)
36.0 (30.0-42.0)
0.031
0.148
0.001
Diabetes duration (yrs)
6.5 (1.5-13.0)
8.0 (2.3-14.0)
5.0 (1.0-16.0)
—
0.630
0.453
0.318
BMI (kg/m2)
22.3 (19.1-24.5)
24.9 (22.8-27.7)✡
22.2 (20.4-25.7)
22.0 (21.2-22.7)
<0.001
0.576
0.002
Parent affected (%)
16 (28.6)
72 (52.9)
19 (90.5)
—
0.002
<0.001
0.001
TG (mmol/L)
0.98 (0.66-1.46)✡
1.47 (1.18-2.38)✡
1.16 (0.81-1.82)✡
0.73 (0.61-0.87)
<0.001
0.207
0.037
TC (mmol/L)
4.63 (3.71-5.63)
4.49 (3.68-5.20)
4.25 (3.92-5.53)
4.30 (3.86-4.92)
0.252
0.687
0.760
HDL-c (mmol/L)
Male
1.29 (1.04-1.55)
0.97 (0.85-1.16)✡
1.06 (0.76-1.18)✡
1.25 (1.06-1.47)
0.002
0.010
0.786
Female
1.45 (1.23-1.67)
0.98 (0.80-1.15)✡
1.24 (1.00-1.49)
1.29 (1.16-1.64)
<0.001
0.043
0.236
LDL-c (mmol/L)
2.42 (1.69-3.47)
2.52 (1.97-3.23)
2.59 (2.33-3.22)
2.39 (1.78-2.75)
0.490
0.266
0.448
UA (μmol/L)
280 (231-327)✡
357 (292-425)✡
310 (260-350)✡
238 (207-280)
<0.001
0.599
0.007
FBG (mmol/L)
9.8 (6.5-14.6)✡
7.2 (5.6-9.4)✡
8.1 (6.0-9.6)✡
5.1 (4.8-5.4)
<0.001
0.003
0.592
A1C (%)
9.2 (7.8-11.3)✡
9.1 (7.5-11.0)✡
8.2 (6.8-11.9)✡
5.2 (4.9-5.3)
0.367
0.224
0.659
FCP (nmol/L)
0.02 (0.01-0.10)
0.61 (0.41-0.91)
0.47 (0.27-0.76)
—
<0.001
<0.001
0.091
PCP (nmol/L)
0.05 (0.01-0.15)
0.98 (0.53-1.90)
0.89 (0.24-2.39)†
—
<0.001
<0.001
0.836
CRE (μmol/L)
58.5 (47.0-68.8)
63.0 (52.3-72.0)✡
62.0 (56.0-84.0)✡
58.0 (44.0-68.7)
0.107
0.152
0.568
UCPCR (nmol/mmol)
0.03 (0.01-0.10)✡
0.47 (0.23-1.01)✡
0.67 (0.26-1.45)
0.71 (0.40-1.08)
<0.001
<0.001
0.107
Treatment (%)
Without insulin
0 (0.0)
79 (58.1)
4 (22.2)†
—
<0.001
0.003
0.004
Insulin±OHA
56 (100.0)
57 (41.9)
14 (77.8)†
—
<0.001
0.011
0.004
Data is median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; CRE: creatinine; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; UA: uric acid; FBG: fasting blood glucose; A1C: HbA1c; FCP: fasting C-peptide; PCP: postprandial C-peptide; OHA: oral hypoglycemic agent. Statistical significance; ✡statistical significance between this diabetes group and healthy subjects; †missing data: treatment for monogenic diabetes (), PCP for monogenic diabetes ().
