High Glucose with Insulin Induces Cell Cycle Progression and Activation of Oncogenic Signaling of Bladder Epithelial Cells Cotreated with Metformin and Pioglitazone

Figure 1

The effect of high glucose and insulin concentration on cell proliferation or viability of HBlEpC exposed to diabetes drugs using MTT assay. The cells were seeded in 96-well plates ( cells/well) and cultured with bladder epithelial cell growth medium containing low glucose or high glucose or high glucose with insulin. (a) The proliferation rate HBlEpC was assessed using MTT assay at low glucose (5.5 mM) or high glucose (55 mM) or high glucose with insulin (50 units). , high glucose (55 mM) versus low glucose (5.5 mM). (b) Cytotoxic effect of pioglitazone and metformin on HBlEpC. The cells exposed to metformin (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 2.5, and 5 mM) or pioglitazone (2.5, 5, 10, and 25 μM) under low- or high-glucose condition for 24 h or 72 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. , high glucose (55 mM) versus low glucose (5.5 mM) at 72 h. (c) The effect of glucose and insulin on HBlEpC viability cotreated with metformin (M) and pioglitazone (P) were analyzed by MTT assay. (d) Proliferation rates of HBlEpC exposed to metformin (M or Met) and pioglitazone (P or pio) were determined using BrdU incorporation at 72 h. , high glucose (55 mM) versus low glucose (5.5 mM). Data represent of three independent experiments. Results are representative of three independent experiments.

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