Effect of Induced Membrane Formation Followed by Polymethylmethacrylate Implantation on Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing When Revascularization Is Not Feasible
Table 1
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of the study population.
Variable
Conventional group ()
PMMA group ()
value
Age (, years)
0.656
Gender
0.558
Male
14 (63.6%)
20 (71.4%)
Female
8 (36.4%)
8 (28.6%)
Type 2 DM
20 (90.9%)
24 (85.7%)
0.683
DM duration (, months)
0.822
DFU duration (, months)
0.008
Wagner classification
0.057
Grade 3
13 (59.1%)
9 (32.1%)
Grade 4
9 (40.9%)
19 (67.9%)
ABI ()
0.620
Nonreconstructable reasons
0.629
Unpropitious vascular anatomy
14 (63.6%)
17 (60.7%)
Calcific and fibrocalcific disease
5 (22.7%)
9 (32.1%)
Patient refusal
3 (13.6%)
2 (7.1%)
BMI (, kg/m2)
0.391
Smoking
7 (31.8%)
17 (60.7%)
0.042
Alcohol abuse
7 (31.8%)
11 (39.3%)
0.585
Follow-up (, months)
0.575
Laboratory findings ()
Glycemia (% (mmol/L))
0.781
HbA1C (% (mmol/mol))
0.449
WBC (×109/L)
0.467
CRP (μmol/L)
0.639
ESR (mm/hr)
0.518
Albumin (g/L)
0.687
Comorbidities
Hypertension
13 (59.1%)
21 (75.0%)
0.231
Ischemic heart disease
9 (40.9%)
14 (50.0%)
0.522
Peripheral neuropathy
20 (90.9%)
23 (82.1%)
0.444
Nephropathy
13 (59.1%)
15 (53.6%)
0.696
Retinopathy
10 (45.5%)
16 (57.1%)
0.412
PMMA: polymethylmethacrylate; DM: diabetes mellitus; DFU: diabetic foot ulcer; ABI: ankle-brachial index; BMI: body mass index; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Values are (%) unless otherwise noted. Boldface indicated statistically significant difference.
