The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Diabetic Kidney Disease

Table 1

Clinical studies on the efficacy of CHM in the treatment of DKD.

CHM	Composition		Intervention	Primary outcome	Study period (month)	Outcome
ZSTL	Raw astragalus, angelica, safflower, zedoary turmeric, Dodder, Radix Rehmanniae, dogwood, Poria, Epimedium, earthworm, Schisandra	45	ZSTL vs. benazepril	Change of HbA1c	3	-4.29% (-5.58, -2.79) vs. -3.26% (-4.06, -1.96) ()
TSF	Astragalus, burning bush, rehmannia, bitter orange, cornus, rhubarb, notoginseng	180	Conventional treatment with ACEIs/ARBs added to TSF vs. placebo	Change of urinary protein level	6	-0.21 g (-0.48, 0.06) vs. 0.36 g (-0.04, 0.76) ()
LWDH and Ginkgo biloba Tablets	LWDH pills and Ginkgo biloba Tablets	600	CHM treatment vs. placebo	Change of UACR	24	-25.50 (-42.30, -9.56) vs. -20.61 (-36.79, 4.31) ()

Abbreviations: ZSTL: zishentongluo; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; TSF: Tangshen formula; ACEIs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; LWDH: Liuwei Dihuang pills; TCM: traditional Chinese medicine; UACR: urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.