Postpartum Circulating Cell-Free Insulin DNA Levels Are Higher in Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Who Develop Type 2 Diabetes in Later Life

Figure 1

Postpartum circulating cell-free INS DNA levels in women with a previous GDM pregnancy. Droplet digital PCR was used to measure levels of cell-free circulating methylated (a) and unmethylated (b) INS DNA in plasma from 97 women, 12 weeks following an index GDM pregnancy. After 10 years, 76 women remained NGT (controls; NGT) while 21 women developed T2DM (T2DM). (c) Cell-free total INS DNA levels represent the sum of the unmethylated and methylated INS DNA levels. Data are presented as .

(a)

(b)

(c)