Utility of Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway in the Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Significant and Complex Interrelations

Table 1

Characteristics of the participants.

Determinants	Group I ()	Group II ()	Group III ()	ANOVA test		Post hoc test; comparison between groups
				value	value	value
Sex (male : female)	10 : 20	32 : 34	16 : 41			0.056
Age (year)				7.243	0.001	; 0.001^†; 0.169^‡
Duration of diabetes	—			7.155	0.009	0.009^‡
Family history of diabetes	0	43	36			0.818^‡
Previous history of amputation	0	0	9			0.001^‡
Body mass index				87.358	<0.001	; <0.001^†; <0.001^‡
Wagner-Meggitt grades
Grade 0	0	0	12			<0.001^‡
Grade 1	0	0	29
Grade 2	0	0	16
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic				12.680	<0.001	; <0.001^†; 1.000^‡
Diastolic				5.495	0.005	; 1.000^†; 0.027^‡
Mean				8.397	<0.001	; 0.016^†; 0.451^‡
Fasting serum glucose (mg/dl)				42.772	<0.001	; <0.001^†; 0.094^‡
Glycated hemoglobin (%)				90.891	<0.001	; <0.001^†; 1.000^‡

The results are expressed as . Comparison between groups I and II; ^†comparison between group I and III; ^‡comparison between group II and III value was calculated by ANOVA test, post hoc Bonferroni test, independent two-sample test (for duration of diabetes) for continuous data, and chi-square test for categorized data (sex variable). Group I: healthy subjects; group II: nondiabetic ulcer patients; group IIL: diabetic ulcer patients.