Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in an Italian Cohort of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of all 408 T2DM patients treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Baseline features	(%)
Female gender	173 (42.4)
Age (years)	62 (55-68)^a
Diabetes duration (years)	12 (7-19)^a
Diabetes duration ≥10 years	254 (62.3)
Body weight (kg)	83 (74-92.5)^a
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.1 (27.2-36.6)^a
BP (mmHg)
Systolic	130 (120-146)^a
Diastolic	80 (70-80)^a
FPG (mg/dL)	180 (152-213)^a
HbA1c (%)	8.3 (7.6-9.6)^a
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.8 (0.7-0.95)^a
eGFR (ml/min/m^2)	90.6 (77.8-105.3)^a
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	166 (141.5-191)^a
HDL-C (mg/dL)	42 (35-50)^a
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	142 (98.2-191.5)^a
AST (UI)	23 (19-32)^a
ALT (UI)	24 (19-34)^a
Comorbidities
Hypertension	333 (81.6)
Coronary artery disease	78 (19.1)
History of stroke/TIA	13 (3.2)
Peripheral artery disease	21 (5.1)
Obesity ()	210 (52.2)
Overweight ()	147 (36.7)
Other comorbidities	264 (64.7)
Diabetic microvascular complications	160 (39.2)
Diabetic retinopathy	88 (21.6)
Early diabetic nephropathy	47 (11.5)
Overt diabetic nephropathy	25 (6.1)
Diabetic neuropathy (autonomic/peripheral)	55 (13.5)
Concomitant medications
ACE inhibitors	129 (31.6)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers	149 (36.5)
Calcium channel blockers	90 (22.1)
Beta blockers	117 (28.7)
Diuretics	117 (28.7)
Loop diuretics	33 (8.1)
Alpha 1 blockers	21 (5.1)
Statins	241 (59.1)
Ezetimibe	24 (5.9)
Cardioaspirin	111 (27.2)
NSAIDs	13 (3.2)
Metformin	320 (78.4)
Sulphonylureas	49 (12.0)
Meglitinides	38 (9.3)
DPP-4 inhibitors	14 (3.4)
GLP-1 receptor agonists	12 (2.9)
Pioglitazone	9 (2.2)
Acarbose	6 (1.5)
Insulin	238 (58.3)

^aMedian (IQR) values. BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD formula); HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1.