Personal and Clinical Predictors of Poor Metabolic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes in Jordan

Table 2

Differences in HbA1c levels among categories of different personal characteristics.

Variables	Mean HbA1c	values	Variables	Mean HbA1c	values
Gender		0.817	Receive insulin at school		0.007
Female	8.72%		Yes	8.89%
Male	8.76%		No	8.03%
Current age groups (years)		0.001	Do not attend school	8.38%
≤5	8.33%		Other comorbidities		0.582
>5-10	8.29%		Celiac	8.82%
>10-15	9.00%		Hypothyroidism	7.74%
>15	9.19%		Celiac and hypothyroidism	8.80%
DKA as first presentation		0.365	Others	8.81%
Yes	8.85%		None	8.76%
No	8.68%		Who decides insulin dose		0.006
First insulin regimen at diagnosis		0.002	Mother	8.61%
MDI^Σ	8.34%		Patient himself/herself	9.28%
TID^x	8.94%		Others	9.37%
Current insulin regimen		0.432	Number of daily glucose testing in last year		0.052
TID^x	8.79%		≤4	8.82%
MDI^Σ	8.74%		>4	8.34%
Pump	7.43%		Count of carbohydrates		0.004
Age at diagnosis (years)		0.145	Yes	8.38%
≤6	8.53%		No	8.93%
>6-14	8.87%
>14	9.26%
School grades		0.002
<80	9.48%
80-90	9.04%
90-100	8.45%
None^∞	8.48%

^ΣMultiple dose insulin regimen. ^xTriple dose insulin regimen. ^∞56% of these children were below school age (1-4.9 years). The rest were in the age group 5-9.9 years.