Hyperinsulinemia Can Cause Kidney Disease in the IGT Stage of OLETF Rats via the INS/IRS-1/PI3-K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Figure 3

Pathological changes of glomerulus. Light microscope: (a) the control group by H&E (×400), (b) the NGT group by H&E (×400), (c) the IGT group by H&E (×400), (d) the DM group by H&E (×400), and (e) the DKD group by H&E (×400). Transmission electron microscope: (f) the glomerular filtration membrane in the control group (×20000), (g) the glomerular filtration membrane in the NGT group (×25000), (h) the glomerular filtration membrane in the IGT group (×20000), (i) the glomerular filtration membrane in the DM group (×20000), (j) the glomerular filtration membrane in the DKD group (×20000), (k) the mesangial area in the control group (×5000), (l) the mesangial area in the NGT group (×5000), (m) the mesangial area in the IGT group (×5000), (n) the mesangial area in the DM group (×5000), and (o) the mesangial area in the DKD group (×3500).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)

(m)

(n)

(o)