Hyperinsulinemia Can Cause Kidney Disease in the IGT Stage of OLETF Rats via the INS/IRS-1/PI3-K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Table 2

Alteration of tubular function marker in different stages of type 2 DM.

Group	NAG (U/L)	NGAL (ng/mL)	β2-MG (mg/L)	RBP (mg/L)	CysC (ng/mL)
Control
NGT
IGT	^ab	^ab		^ab	^ab
DM	^abc	^abc	^abc	^abc	^abc
DKD	^abc	^abc	^abc	^abcd	^abcd
	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001

^a vs. the control group. ^b vs. NGT. ^c vs. IGT. ^d vs. DM.