A Vitamin Pattern Diet Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Women: Results from a Case Control Study in Taiyuan, China

Table 1

Distribution of selected characteristics of case and control subjects.

Characteristics	GDM subjects ()		Control subjects ()
	Number	%	Number	%
Age (years)
<25	78	5.33	956	11.81	<0.0001
25-29	571	39.00	3692	45.63
≥30	815	55.67	3444	42.56
Ever attend college
Yes	1,062	72.54	5550	68.59	0.003
No	402	27.46	2542	31.41
Body mass index (kg/m^2)
<18.5	109	7.45	1153	14.25	<0.0001
18.5-24.9	974	66.53	5996	74.1
25-30	318	21.72	821	10.15
>30	63	4.3	122	1.51
Pregnancy weight gain (kg)
					<0.0001
Gestational week
					0.0005
Alcohol drinking during pregnancy
Yes	2	0.14	4	0.05	0.220
No	1,458	99.59	8,071	99.74
Missing	4	0.27	17	0.21
Ever exposed to smoking during the first trimester
Yes	181	12.36	1,013	12.52	0.950
No	1,279	87.36	7,060	87.25
Missing	4	0.27	19	0.23
Parity
Nulliparous	661	45.15	4,123	50.95	<0.0001
Parous	803	54.85	3,969	49.05
High blood pressure during pregnancy
Yes	265	18.1	1,061	13.11	<0.0001
No	1,199	81.9	7,031	86.89
Preterm when subjects were delivered
Yes	339	23.16	1,656	20.46	0.02
No	1,125	76.84	6,436	79.54
Family history of diabetes
Yes	193	13.18	432	5.34	<0.0001
No	1,271	86.82	7,660	94.66