Inflammation and Kidney Injury in Diabetic African American Men

Figure 5

(a) Heat map showing the relative levels of 11 markers from subjects from different subgroups based on albuminurea. Each column represents one subject from our study, with the level of each of the 11 markers indicated by a Z-score relative to the mean of the nondiabetic controls for that marker. The relative levels of 3 kidney injury markers (i.e., log-transformed UACR, urinary NGAL and plasma KIM-1) are shown above the dashed line while the relative levels of 8 inflammation markers are shown below the dashed line. Higher Z-scores are represented by warmer colors while lower Z-scores are represented by cooler colors. Individuals who exhibited elevated Z-scores for at least 3 of the correlated inflammation markers, despite being in the normoalbinurea group (grey triangles) or the microalbinurea group (black triangles) based on UACR, are indicated. (b) Percentage of subjects from each group with between 2 and 4 inflammation markers whose levels were at least 2 standard deviations above the mean of the nondiabetic group, among all markers tested. (c) Percentage of subjects from each group with between 2 and 4 inflammation markers whose levels were at least 2 standard deviations above the mean of the nondiabetic group, among correlated markers only (i.e., plasma adiponectin, TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, ICAM-1, and urinary ICAM-1).

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