Association between Pancreatic Atrophy and Loss of Insulin Secretory Capacity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Characteristics of participants.
Variables
Controls ()
Patients with type 2 diabetes
value
Overall ()
≤2 years ()
3~9 years ()
≥10 years ()
Gender (men)
49 (52.7)
123 (60.6)
31 (58.5)
42 (63.6)
50 (58.8)
0.31
Age (years)
47 (35-59)
60 (53-65)‡
59 (52-65)
57 (51-65)
63 (58-66)
<0.001
Duration of diabetes (years)
ND
8 (2-12)
0.7 (0.1-1)
6 (5-8)
13 (11-18)
<0.001
BSA (m2)
†
0.16
BMI (kg/m2)
‡
<0.001
HTN
21 (22.6)
76 (37.4)†
15 (28.3)
23 (35.4)
38 (44.7)
0.014
SBP (mmHg)
120 (115-127)
130 (120-140)‡
130 (120-135)
126 (117-134)
130 (120-145)
<0.001
DBP (mmHg)
75 (70-80)
80 (70-84)†
80 (75-84)
79 (70-80)
80 (70-85)
0.001
FCP (ng/mL)
ND
0.90
FPG (mmol/L)
5.09 (4.76-5.41)
7.61 (6.32-10.1)‡
7.14 (6.40-8.25)
7.92 (6.16-11.3)
7.97 (6.68-10.7)
<0.001
HbA1c (%)
5.8 (5.3-6.1)
7.8 (6.7-9.5)†
6.9 (6.1-9.8)
7.5 (6.5-9.3)
8.5 (7.2-9.7)
0.003
ALT (U/L)
18 (11-33)
19 (13-26)
21 (16-27)
18 (13-25)
17 (13-26)
0.05
TG (mmol/L)
1.21 (1.01-1.55)
1.36 (0.89-2.06)
1.52 (1.18-2.36)
1.25 (0.76-1.67)
1.31 (0.83-2.10)
0.39
TC (mmol/L)
4.76 (3.94-5.5)
0.85
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.10 (0.96-1.23)
1.12 (0.96-1.35)
1.12 (0.96-1.37)
1.17 (1.00-1.34)
1.10 (0.93-1.32)
0.77
LDL-C (mmol/L)
2.68 (2.15-3.37)
0.33
SCR (μmol/L)
65 (57-79)
65 (53-76)
65 (52-71)
67 (52-77)
67 (54-81)
0.80
Insulin deficiency ()
ND
44 (21.7)
7 (14.3)
14 (21.5)
23 (30.7)
0.038
values were analyzed among the diabetes subgroups. † versus the controls; ‡ versus the controls. Data are presented as the median (interquartile range) or for continuous variables and the number (percentage) for category variables. Differences in medians/means were examined using the Kruskal–Wallis test or a general linear model among three or four groups; differences in proportions were tested using the chi-square test. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; BSA: body surface area; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FCP: fasting C-peptide; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HTN: hypertension; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ND: not determined; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.
