Effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model in Type 2 Diabetes Management in a Community Health Service Center in China: A Group Randomized Experimental Study

Table 2

Binary logistic regression analyses of health behavior outcomes in a 9-month group randomized experimental study in China, 2009-2010.

	Frequent smoker		Frequent drinker		Frequent exercise		Light diet
		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Intervention^a	134	0.29 (0.05, 1.84)	134	0.07 (0.01, 0.75)	132	2.92 (1.18, 7.25)	134	4.30 (1.49, 12.43)
Age		0.97 (0.88, 1.08)		1.01 (0.91, 1.13)		0.98 (0.94, 1.03)		0.94 (0.89, 0.99)
Female^b	148	0.07 (0.004, 1.05)	148	0.21 (0.02, 2.95)	146	2.04 (0.84, 4.98)	148	1.76 (0.69, 4.47)
Single, widowed, or divorced^c	46	2.66 (0.21, 34.30)	46	1.37 (0.04, 49.15)	46	0.89 (0.21, 2.69)	46	0.68 (0.19, 2.37)
Junior middle school or higher^d	153	0.19 (0.03, 1.23)	153	0.27 (0.04, 1.91)	153	1.31 (0.54, 3.17)	153	1.13 (0.44, 2.91)
Household income ≥ 60000 Yuan^e	47	1.45 (0.22, 9.66)	47	3.40 (0.26, 44.81)	47	3.69 (0.93, 14.70)	47	3.14 (0.65, 15.23)
Retirement^f	242	0.21 (0.01, 4.22)	242	0.81 (0.02, 29.42)	240	1.29 (0.23, 7.11)	242	0.80 (0.13, 5.04)
Diabetes duration ≥ 5 years^g	199	0.61 (0.10, 3.79)	199	0.42 (0.04, 4.56)	197	1.59 (0.60, 4.25)	199	0.81 (0.26, 2.52)
Insulin use^h	32	1.18 (0.15, 9.23)	32	0.84 (0.04, 18.44)	32	0.67 (0.21, 2.15)	32	0.76 (0.20, 2.89)
No/unknown other chronic disease^i	212	0.23 (0.03, 1.85)	212	1.98 (0.19, 20.33)	210	0.66 (0.22, 1.98)	212	1.15 (0.36, 3.66)
Health behaviors at baseline (no)^j	243	0.01 (0.001, 0.06)	238	0.01 (0.00, 0.06)	52	0.15 (0.06, 0.34)	68	0.42 (0.15, 1.17)

Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between health behaviors (yes/no) and independent variables including group, health behaviors (yes/no) at baseline, and individual characteristics (age, gender, marital status, educational level, household income, employment level, diabetes duration, diabetes medication, and diagnosis of other chronic disease), respectively. The levels of association were expressed as odds ratios (OR), and we calculated their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Frequent smoker: self-reported smoking one or more cigarettes a day; frequent drinker: self-reported drinking at least once a week, with an average intake of 25 g pure alcohol per day or above; frequent exercise: self-reported physical activity at least once a week; light diet: self-reported low-fat diet. ^aReference: control group; ^bReference: male; ^cReference: married or cohabiting; ^dReference: elementary school or lower; ^eReference: <60000 Yuan; ^fReference: employee/self-employed or housework; ^gReference: 1-5 years; ^hReference: noninsulin; ⁱReference: yes; ^jReference: frequent smoker (yes); frequent drinker (yes); frequent exercise (yes); light diet (yes). Indicate a statistically significant association.