Research Article
Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Lower Extremity Amputations in Three Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Ghana
Table 5
Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with DLLA.
| Characteristic | | DLLA (%) | No DLLA (%) | value |
| Age () | | | | 0.643 | Diabetes duration | | | | | <5 | 36 (100) | 1 (2.8) | 35 (97.2) | 0.897 | 5-10 | 32 (100) | 1 (3.1) | 31 (96.9) | | 11-15 | 16 (100) | 1 (6.2) | 15 (93.8) | | 16-20 | 11 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (100) | | >20 | 5 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (100) | | Diabetes treatment | | | | | Diabetic diet | 14 (100) | 1 (7.1) | 13 (92.9) | 0.293 | OHAs | 54 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 54 (100) | | Insulin | 18 (100) | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | | OHAs and insulin | 14 (100) | 1 (7.1) | 13 (92.9) | | Previous foot ulcer | | | | | Yes | 17 (100) | 1 (5.9) | 16 (94.1) | 0.444 | No | 83 (100) | 2 (2.4) | 81 (97.6) | | Previous amputation | | | | | Yes | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 0.116 | No | 95 (100) | 2 (2.1) | 93 (97.9) | | Smoking | | | | | Yes | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | 0.860 | No | 99 (100) | 3 (3) | 97 (97) | | Alcohol intake | | | | | Yes | 9 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100) | 0.580 | No | 91 (100) | 3 (3.3) | 88 (96.7) | | BMI | | | | | Underweight | 9 (100) | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | 0.328 | Normal | 28 (100) | 1 (3.6) | 27 (96.4) | | Overweight | 40 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (100) | | Obese | 23 (100) | 1 (4.3) | 22 (95.7) | | Foot deformity | | | | | Present | 6 (100) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | 0.043 | Absent | 94 (100) | 2 (2.1) | 92 (97.9) | | Impaired vision | | | | | Present | 14 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (100) | 0.119 | Absent | 56 (100) | 3 (5.4) | 53 (94.6) | | Hypertension | | | | | Present | 60 (100) | 2 (3.3) | 58 (96.7) | 0.811 | Absent | 40 (100) | 1 (2.5) | 39 (97.5) | |
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