Metformin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Meta-Inflammation in β-Cells through the Activation of GPR40-PLC-IP3 Pathway

Figure 3

The relationship between PLC-IP3 and the protective effects of metformin on lipotoxicity inflammatory injury. Results shown are representative of at least 3 experiments. Metformin concentration-dependently increased the expression of PLC (a) and IP3 (b) in β-cells. (c–h) Inhibition of PLC or IP3 expression attenuated the protective effects of metformin on lipotoxicity inflammatory injury. (c, f) The rate of apoptosis in β-cells. (d, g) Levels of BIS and GSIS. (e, h) Expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB subunit P65, and GPR40. (a, b) ^A vs. NC group (without PA and MF), ^B vs. 0.5 mmol/L PA group, ^C vs. 0.5 mmol/L PA+25 μmol/L MF group, and ^D vs. 0.5 mmol/L PA+50 μmol/L MF group. (c–h) ^A vs. NC group (without PA and MF), ^B vs. 0.5 mmol/L PA+100 μmol/L MF group.

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