A Systematic Review of Beta Cell Function in Adults of Black African Ethnicity

Table 2

Ethnic comparison of insulin responses.

	Insulin response by ethnicity
	BA > WE	No significant ethnic difference	BA < WE
Models based on fasting measures (HOMA%B)	[41] (NGT and IFG); [58]	[37] (IFG/IGT)	[32] (T2D); [36] (IFG/IGT)
Cumulative (fasting)	2253	95	4709
Oral nutrient stimulation	[34]; [50]; [48]; [40] (NGT); [42]; [35]; [55]; [44] (NGT and IGT); [28] (in obese only)	[26] (BA > WE at 30 mins, but no difference in total iAUC); [31]; [40] (IGT and T2D); [59]; [60]; [27]; [36] (IFG/IGT); [37] (IFG/IGT); [38] (T2D); [30] (T2D); [28] (in lean only); [29]	[24]; [25]
Cumulative (oral)	4541	2068	33
IV glucose stimulation	[63]; [39] (NGT and IGT); [64] (second-phase response only); [65]; [49]; [59]; [43] (NGT and IGT); [60]; [27]; [54]; [33]; [58]; [46] (NGT and IGT); [45] (NGT and IGT); [62]; [36] (IFG/IGT); [47] (NGT, IGT, and T2D); [37] (IFG/IGT); [38] (T2D); [53]; [51]; [44] (NGT and IGT); [61]	[30] (T2D)	[25]
Cumulative (IV)	4461	34	18

NGT and nondiabetic subjects, unless otherwise specified. Cumulative fasting, oral, and IV refer to the total number of participants (BA and WE) in the studies using fasting measures, oral nutrient stimulation, and intravenous glucose stimulation techniques, respectively (note that each study may be presented in more than one category). BA: black African; WE: white European; NGT: normal glucose tolerance; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; T2D: type 2 diabetes.