Sleep-Disordered Breathing Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Outpatients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Table 2

Characteristics according to severity of SDB.

	No/mild SDB ()	Moderate SDB ()	Severe SDB ()	value	No/mild vs. moderate SDB	Moderate vs. severe SDB	No/mild vs. severe SDB
Mean AHI/h				<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)				<0.001	0.054	<0.001	<0.001
Waist-hip ratio				<0.001	<0.001	0.093	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)				<0.001	0.139	0.002	<0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)				0.041	0.135	1.00	0.179
Diastolic BP (mmHg)				0.393	0.980	1.00	0.794
HDL (mg/dl)				0.016	0.080	1.00	0.080
Triglycerides (mg/dl)				0.273	0.597	1.00	0.699
HbA1c (%)				0.111	0.867	0.110	0.340
(mmol/mol)
HOMA index				0.137	0.607	1.00	0.242
ESS				0.148	1.00	0.863	0.195
Number of NCEP criteria				0.009	0.306	0.350	0.013

Results are provided as deviation and value (ANOVA). values among groups were assessed by post hoc test (Bonferroni). AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; HOMA: Homeostasis Model Assessment (fasting, use of long-acting insulin), ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; 413 patients included.