Sleep-Disordered Breathing Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Outpatients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Table 3
Multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Metabolic syndrome
Waist cm (m) or >88 (f)
mmHg
/dl
HDL <50 mg/dl (m) or <40 mg/dl (f)
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
AHI
1.039 (1.011; 1.068)
0.007
1.031 (1.006; 1.056)
0.014
1.049 (1.000; 1.100)
0.048
1.018 (1.002; 1.035)
0.029
1.012 (0.995; 1.030)
0.167
Sex
2.477 (1.377; 4.457)
0.002
6.874 (3.704; 12.757)
<0.001
0.620 (0.300; 1.284)
0.198
0.937 (0.611; 1.436)
0.765
1.372 (0.847; 2.222)
0.199
Age
1.010 (0.733; 1.392)
0.950
0.973 (0.689; 1. 373)
0.876
1.856 (1.253; 2.750)
0.002
0.909 (0.713; 1.161)
0.446
0.763 (0.578; 1.007)
0.056
Obesity
7.505 (3.689; 15.268)
<0.001
21.858 (11.129; 42.934)
<0.001
1.655 (0.733; 3.735)
0.225
1.411 (0.917; 2.172)
0.117
1.243 (0.760; 2.033)
0.386
HOMA index
1.313 (1.156; 1.491)
<0.001
1.106 (1.026; 1.192)
0.008
1.147 (0.996; 1.321)
0.058
1.038 (1.004; 1.074)
0.029
1.056 (1.021; 1.093)
0.002
Shown are adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and values. The variables used in the regression model were AHI, sex (male), age (decades), obesity (), and the HOMA index. AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; HOMA: Homeostasis Model Assessment (fasting, use of long-acting insulin); or on antihypertensive medication; or on triglyceride-lowering medication.
