Chinese Herbal Medicine in Ameliorating Diabetic Kidney Disease via Activating Autophagy

Table 1

Chinese herbal medicine treating DKD by activating autophagy.

Names	Models	Targeted pathways	Ref.
Triptolide	STZ+HFD-induced rats and HG-induced HMCs	miR-141-3p/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway	[47]
Mangiferin	STZ-induced rats; HG-induced podocytes	AMPK/mTOR	[12]
Hispidulin	HG-induced podocytes	Pim1/p21/mTOR	[48]
Astragaloside IV	STZ-induced mice; HG-incubated podocytes	AMPK; Sirt1/NF-κB	[50, 55]
Berberine	HG-induced podocytes	AMPK	[20]
Cyclocarya paliurus triterpenic acids	STZ-induced rats; HG-induced HK-2	AMPK/mTOR	[33]
Resveratrol	Db/db mice; STZ-induced rats; HG-induced podocytes; hypoxia-induced NRK52E	Sirt1; miRNA-18a-5p; miR-383-5p	[19, 52, 53]
Azuki bean extract	STZ-induced rats	Sirt1	[54]
Abelmoschus manihot	UN+HFD+STZ-induced mice	Sirt1	[56]
TSF	Db/db mice; HG-induced NRK52E	PLZF	[58]
Ferulic acid	STZ-induced rats; HG-induced NRK52E	Beclin1 and LC3-II	[59]
Celastrol	HG-induced podocytes	HO-1	[62]
Tripterygium glycoside	Db/db mice serum induced podocytes	β arrestin1	[18]
Curcumin	AGE-induced NRK52E	PI3K/Akt	[66]

Abbreviations: STZ: streptozotocin; HFD: high-fat diet; HG: high glucose; HMCs: human mesangial cells; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; Akt: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinases; Pim1: Pim-1 protooncogene; Sirt1: sirtuin 1; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa b; HK-2: human renal proximal tubular cell; NRK52E: rat renal proximal tubular cell; UN: unilateral nephrectomy; TSF: Tangshen formula; PLZF: promyelocytic leukemia zinc finnger protein; LC3-II: microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end products; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases.