The Effects of Nurse-Led Multidisciplinary Team Management on Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Quality of Life, Hospitalization, and Help-Seeking Behavior of People with Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Patient demographic characteristics at baseline.
Variable
All
Intervention
Control
value
()
()
()
Age, y, mean (SD)
66.5 (8.9)
66.4 (10.6)
66.6 (7.0)
0.866
Age, y, (%)
0.014
<50
7 (3.9)
6 (6.8)
1 (1.1)
50~<60
28 (15.6)
16 (18.2)
12 (13.2)
60~<70
70 (39.1)
25 (28.4)
45 (49.4)
≥70
74 (41.3)
41 (46.6)
33 (36.3)
Gender, (%)
0.610
Female
95 (53.1)
45 (51.1)
50 (54.9)
Male
84 (46.9)
43 (48.9)
41 (45.1)
Spouse, (%)
0.948
Yes
165 (92.2)
81 (92.0)
84 (92.3)
No
14 (7.8)
7 (8.0)
7 (7.7)
Education level, (%)
0.397
No schooling
35 (19.5)
16 (18.1)
19 (20.8)
Junior/middle school
51 (28.5)
21 (23.9)
30 (33.0)
High school
56 (31.3)
32 (36.4)
24 (26.4)
Some college or above
37 (20.7)
19 (21.6)
18 (19.8)
Employment status, (%)
0.133
Employed
20 (11.2)
13 (14.8)
7 (7.7)
Retired or unemployed
159 (88.8)
75 (85.2)
84 (92.3)
Basic medical insurance, (%)
0.240
Yes
177 (98.9)
86 (97.7)
91 (100.0)
No
2 (1.1)
2 (2.3)
0 (0.0)
Additional medical insurance, (%)
0.754
Yes
122 (68.2)
59 (67.0)
63 (69.2)
No
57 (31.8)
29 (33.0)
28 (30.8)
Monthly income, (%)
0.308
¥≤1500
30 (16.7)
14 (15.9)
16 (17.6)
¥1501-4500
146 (81.6)
74 (84.1)
72 (79.1)
¥>4500
3 (1.7)
0 (0.0)
3 (3.3)
Diabetes complications
Yes
70 (39.1)
39 (44.3)
31 (34.1)
0.160
No
109 (60.9)
49 (55.7)
60 (65.9)
Treatment modality
Diet/exercise
6 (3.4)
2 (2.3)
4 (4.4)
0.286
Oral medication
137 (76.5)
64 (72.7)
73 (80.2)
Insulin therapy
8 (4.5)
6 (6.8)
2 (2.2)
Oral medication and insulin therapy
28 (15.6)
16 (18.2)
12 (13.2)
HbA1c, %, mean (SD)
7.08 (1.26)
6.34 (1.02)
<0.001
QOL, mean (SD)
66.43 (14.07)
74.71 (14.09)
<0.001
Hospitalizations, (%)
13 (14.8)
5 (5.5)
0.039
SD: standard deviation; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; QOL: quality of life.
