A Novel Liposome Formulation Carrying Both an Insulin Peptide and a Ligand for Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Induces Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells to Islets in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

Figure 1

Suppression of spontaneous diabetes development in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice after administration of autoantigen-loaded α-GalCer liposomes. (a) Diabetes in female NOD mice intraperitoneally injected with insulin B 9–23-loaded α-GalCer liposome (RGI-3100-iB: □; ), α-GalCer liposome (Lipo-GC: △; ), insulin B 9–23-loaded normal liposome (Lipo-iB: ×; ), and aqueous α-GalCer (aqueous GC: ◇; ), twice a week, starting at 4 weeks of age, for 5 weeks, or left untreated (○; ). (b) Diabetes in female NOD mice intraperitoneally injected with insulin B 9–23-loaded α-GalCer liposome (RGI-3100-iB: □; ), α-GalCer liposome (Lipo-GC: △; ), and unrelated antigen-loaded α-GalCer liposome (Lipo-GC-TT: ×; ), twice a week, starting at 3 weeks of age, for 5 weeks, or left untreated (○; ). Anti-CD3 antibody (2C11) (◇; ) was administered, as a positive control, to mice at postnatal day 7. Arrows and black thick bars indicate the initiation and duration of the treatment, respectively. log-rank test, compared with untreated mice.

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