Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Association between Metformin Use and Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Table 1

The characteristics of included patients according to metformin usage.


Variables	Metformin usage (before PSM)			Metformin usage (after PSM)
Variables	Metformin ()	Nonmetformin ()	value	Metformin ()	Nonmetformin ()	value

Age			<0.001			0.100
BMI			0.005			0.206
Male gender	96 (64.00%)	132 (60.27%)	0.469	96 (64.00%)	85 (61.59%)	0.673
Smoking	61 (40.67%)	74 (33.79%)	0.178	61 (40.67%)	52 (37.68%)	0.604
DM duration	10.00 (4.75, 15.00)	8.00 (3.00, 15.00)	0.119	10.00 (4.75, 15.00)	7.00 (3.00, 15.00)	0.039
HTN	93 (62.00%)	163 (74.43%)	0.011	93 (62.00%)	98 (71.01%)	0.106
HTN duration	6.00 (0.00, 15.00)	10.00 (0.00, 20.00)	0.605	6.00 (0.00, 15.00)	5.25 (0.00, 15.00)	0.513
HbA1c (%)	7.50 (6.70, 8.15)	7.30 (6.78, 8.43)	0.990	7.50 (6.70, 8.15)	7.30 (6.80, 8.48)	0.988
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	96.53 (90.49, 105.50)	92.02 (81.63, 99.23)	<0.001	96.53 (90.49, 105.50)	94.82 (85.60, 101.10)	0.037
FBG (mmol/L)	6.64 (5.52, 8.57)	7.11 (5.76, 8.70)	0.480	6.64 (5.52, 8.57)	7.04 (5.66, 8.94)	0.395
Ca (mmol/L)			0.020			0.098
P (mmol/L)			0.429			0.361
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.25 (1.61, 2.75)	2.30 (1.72, 2.89)	0.141	2.25 (1.61, 2.75)	2.48 (1.75, 2.99)	0.171
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.05 (0.89, 1.28)	1.09 (0.91, 1.27)	0.835	1.05 (0.89, 1.28)	1.13 (0.93, 1.29)	0.153
TG (mmol/L)	1.46 (1.01, 2.15)	1.39 (0.98, 1.89)	0.219	1.46 (1.01, 2.15)	1.56 (0.99, 1.92)	0.900
Sulfonylureas	50 (33.33%)	86 (39.27%)	0.246	50 (33.33%)	56 (40.58%)	0.203
Glinides	28 (18.67%)	27 (12.33%)	0.093	28 (18.67%)	20 (14.49%)	0.429
GI	49 (32.67%)	100 (45.66%)	0.012	49 (32.67%)	53 (38.41%)	0.309
TZD	4 (2.67%)	12 (5.48%)	0.193	4 (2.67%)	8 (5.80%)	0.302
DPP4 inhibitor	2 (1.33%)	5 (2.28%)	0.511	2 (1.33%)	2 (1.45%)	0.675
Insulin	26 (17.33%)	54 (24.65%)	0.094	26 (17.33%)	31 (24.65%)	0.345
Statins	54 (36.00%)	62 (28.31%)	0.118	54 (36.00%)	43 (22.46%)	0.385
Antiplatelets	47 (31.33%)	70 (31.96%)	0.898	47 (31.33%)	43 (31.16%)	0.975
CAC scores	8.05 (0, 124.6)	61.6 (0, 319.6)	0.005	8.05 (0, 124.6)	37.00 (0.00, 220.50)	0.097

BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; GI: glucosidase inhibitors; HTN: hypertension; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG: fasting blood glucose; Ca: calcium; P: phosphorus; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; TZD: thiazolidinediones; PSM: propensity score match.