Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Association between Metformin Use and Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Table 2

The characteristics of included patients according to CAC scores.


Variables	CAC scores (before PSM)			CAC scores (after PSM)
Variables	()	()	value	()	()	value

Age			<0.001			<0.001
BMI			0.886			0.987
Male gender	143 (63.27%)	85 (59.44)	0.460	119 (63.64%)	62 (61.39%)	0.706
Smoking	77 (34.07%)	58 (40.56)	0.207	68 (36.36%)	45 (44.55%)	0.174
DM duration	9.50 (4.00, 5.00)	10.00 (3.00,15.00)	0.814	9.00 (4.00, 15.00)	10.00 (3.00, 15.00)	0.993
HTN	149 (65.93%)	107 (74.83)	0.071	119 (63.64%)	72 (71.29%)	0.190
HTN duration	5.00 (0.00, 15.00)	10.00 (0.00, 20.00)	0.002	5.00 (0.00, 15.00)	8.00 (0.00, 15.00)	0.087
HbA1c (%)	7.4 (6.7, 8.3)	7.4 (6.8, 8.2)	0.790	7.40 (6.70-8.25)	7.45 (6.90-8.20)	0.456
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	95.70 (88.02, 104.88)	91.75 (81.47, 98.46)	<0.001	97.40 (89.74, 105.80)	92.46 (85.55, 99.03)	<0.001
FBG (mmol/L)	7.04 (5.91, 8.90)	6.82 (5.44, 8.39)	0.220	7.00 (5.93-8.94)	6.82 (5.38-8.35)	0.205
Ca (mmol/L)			0.963			0.924
P (mmol/L)			0.151			0.399
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.27 (1.70, 2.85)	2.25 (1.60, 2.82)	0.603	2.23 (1.71-2.88)	2.27 (1.58-2.97)	0.848
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.09 (0.81, 1.28)	1.03 (0.89, 1.27)	0.267	1.11 (0.92-1.29)	1.03 (0.88-1.27)	0.158
TG (mmol/L)	1.41 (0.99, 2.04)	1.39 (0.97, 1.88)	0.497	1.50 (1.00-2.06)	1.56 (0.98-2.00)	0.995
Metformin	107 (47.34%)	43 (30.07%)	0.001	107 (57.22%)	43 (42.57%)	0.018
Sulfonylureas	82 (36.28%)	54 (37.76%)	0.774	68 (36.36%)	38 (37.62%)	0.832
Glinides	33 (14.60%)	22 (15.38%)	0.837	31 (16.58%)	17 (16.83%)	0.956
GI	85 (37.61%)	64 (44.76%)	0.173	65 (34.76%)	37 (36.63%)	0.751
TZD	10 (4.42%)	6 (4.29%)	0.916	7 (3.74%)	5 (4.95%)	0.857
DPP4 inhibitor	5 (2.21%)	2 (1.40%)	0.711	4 (2.14%)	0 (0.00%)	0.341
Insulin	47 (20.80%)	33 (23.07%)	0.605	36 (19.25%)	21 (20.79%)	0.754
Statins	62 (27.43%)	54 (37.76%)	0.037	53 (28.34%)	44 (43.56%)	0.009
Antiplatelets	59 (26.11%)	58 (40.56%)	0.004	48 (25.67%)	42 (41.58%)	0.005

BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; GI: glucosidase inhibitors; HTN: hypertension; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG: fasting blood glucose; Ca: calcium; P: phosphorus; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; TZD: thiazolidinediones; PSM: propensity score match.