Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol to Glycated Albumin Ratio Can Help Early Distinguish Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus from Newly Onset Type 1A Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of the study participants.
FT1DM ()
T1ADM ()
LADA ()
T2DM ()
Non-DM ()
Male, (%)
16 (80.00)
27 (57.45)
19 (52.78)
32 (76.19)
52 (64.20)
Age (year)
32 (28–44)
38 (27–47)
65 (57–69)
44 (30–48)
36 (31–45)
BMI (kg/m2)
22.48 (20.25–23.66)
22.21 (20.81–23.94)
23.56 (21.57–25.51)
25.84 (23.71–30.51)
25.39 (22.26–27.76)
SBP (mmHg)
110 (105–120)
120 (110–130)
130 (119–135)
130 (120–141)
123 (114–136)
DBP (mmHg)
70 (60–80)
75 (70–80)
79 (70–80)
80 (72–90)
77 (71–83)
DM family history, (%)
5 (25.00)
13 (27.66)
18 (50.00)
25 (59.52)
31 (38.27)
1,5-AG (μg/mL)
3.5 (2.3–5.5)
4.5 (2.2–7.0)
3.5 (2.8–5.6)
9.9 (3.9–14.5)
21.1 (16.5–25.5)
GA (%)
21.7 (19.5–23.2)
20.2 (16.2–23.3)
20.8 (19.1–23.8)
16.0 (14.0–18.3)
13.4 (12.2–14.3)
HbA1c (%)
6.5 (6.1–6.9)
7.2 (6.4–8.0)
7.6 (6.8–8.1)
7.2 (6.4–7.7)
5.5 (5.4–5.9)
AGI
0.16 (0.10–0.25)
0.21 (0.11–0.41)
0.18 (0.09–0.27)
0.62 (0.21–0.94)
1.57 (1.22–1.98)
FCP (ng/mL)
0.05 (0.01–0.18)
0.22 (0.02–0.61)
0.66 (0.03–1.37)
2.21 (1.80–3.25)
2.20 (1.67–2.78)
2hCP (ng/mL)
0.11 (0.05–0.18)
0.22 (0.02–1.27)
0.92 (0.02–3.77)
6.51 (4.58–8.72)
10.22 (8.17–13.09)
Data were expressed as median (interquartile range) or (%). Abbreviations: 1,5-AG: 1,5-anhydroglucitol; 2hCP: 2-hour C-peptide; AGI: 1,5-AG/GA index; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FCP: fasting C-peptide; FT1DM: fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus; GA: glycated albumin; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; LADA: latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; NDM: nondiabetes mellitus; SBP: systolic blood pressure; T1ADM: type 1A diabetes mellitus; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus. and , FT1DM vs. T1ADM. and , FT1DM vs. LADA. and , FT1DM vs. T2DM. and , FT1DM vs. non-DM.
