Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Table 1

Demographics and clinical characteristics of the center-involving diabetic macular edema patients.

Systemic factors	Sex (male : female)	28 : 38
	Age (years)
	HbA1C (%)
	Duration of DM (years)	13.00 [7.00; 18.00]
OCT findings	Number of HF	8.00 [6.00; 13.00]
	Subretinal fluid	12 (18.18%)
	CME : DRT	30 : 36
	EZ disruption
	(-)	42 (63.64%)
	(+)	24 (36.36%)
Aqueous humor components	GRP78 (ng/mL)	4.05 [2.64; 5.22]
	IL-1β (pg/mL)	3.49 [1.86; 3.49]
	IL-8 (pg/mL)	18.84 [11.62; 28.49]
	IL-10 (pg/mL)	0.00 [0.00; 0.00]
	IL-17 (pg/mL)	2.56 [0.00; 2.76]
	PlGF (pg/mL)	0.00 [0.00; 2.23]
	VEGF (pg/mL)	65.22 [31.65; 95.58]
Ocular factors	Baseline BCVA (logMAR)	0.50 [0.40; 0.70]
	Baseline CST (μm)	391.00 [363.00; 457.00]
	DMR (NPDR : PDR)	17 : 49

Values are expressed as or as medians with interquartile ranges, as appropriate. HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; OCT: optical coherence tomography; HF: hyperreflective foci; CME: cystoid macular edema; DRT: diffuse retinal thickening; EZ: ellipsoid zone; GRP78: glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa; IL: interleukin; PlGF: placental growth factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity; CST: central subfield thickness; DMR: DM retinopathy; NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy.