Long-Term Tea Consumption Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Elderly Chinese from Rural Communities

Table 3

Multivariate logistic regression models of tea consumption and diabetic retinopathy.

	Number of		Model 1^a			Model 2^b			Model 3^c
	DR	Non-DR	B	OR (95% CI)		B	OR (95% CI)		B	OR (95% CI)
Duration of tea consumption (y)	—	—	-0.02	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.059	-0.03	0.97 (0.95–1.00)	0.041	-0.03	0.97 (0.95–1.00)	0.046
Duration of tea consumption group
Non-tea consumption	39	292	0	1	Ref	0	1	Ref	0	1	Ref
1–19 years	9	41	0.55	1.74 (0.77–3.91)	0.183	0.44	1.55 (0.66–3.65)	0.318	0.57	1.76 (0.65–4.77)	0.263
≥20 years	6	133	-0.95	0.39 (0.15–1.00)	0.051	-0.99	0.37 (0.14–0.97)	0.042	-1.22	0.29 (0.09–0.97)	0.044
Frequency of tea consumption
Non-tea consumption	39	292	0	1	Ref	0	1	Ref	0	1	Ref
1–5 times/week	3	16	-0.39	0.68 (0.32–1.45)	0.319	-0.54	0.58 (0.27–1.28)	0.179	-0.7	0.50 (0.19–1.29)	0.15
>5 times/week	12	158	0.37	1.44 (0.40–5.19)	0.576	0.4	1.48 (0.41–5.41)	0.549	0.86	2.37 (0.57–9.84)	0.236
Tea type
Non-tea consumption	39	292	0	1	Ref	0	1	Ref	0	1	Ref
Green tea	13	155	-0.26	0.77 (0.37–1.61)	0.487	-0.39	0.68 (0.32–1.45)	0.315	-0.31	0.74 (0.30–1.79)	0.5
Non-green tea	2	19	-0.15	0.86 (0.19–3.88)	0.847	-0.19	0.83 (0.18–3.76)	0.806	-0.79	0.46 (0.05–4.01)	0.479

Note. DR: diabetic retinopathy; OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confident interval. ^aModel 1 was adjusted for age and gender. ^bModel 2 was adjusted for age, gender, and covariates with in univariate analysis in Table 3, including individual monthly income, FBG, and SBP. ^cModel 3 was adjusted for age, gender, and covariates with in univariate analysis in Table 3, including occupation, educational level, individual monthly income, smoking, alcohol consumption, duration of diabetes, BMI, FBG, TG, HDL-C, and SBP. Bold type indicates statistical significance ( < 0.05).