Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome
Table 4
Cytokine profile in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and healthy controls.
Concentration (pg/mL)
Healthy controls ()
Metabolic syndrome ()
Type 2 diabetes mellitus ()
value
IL-1β
0.8 (0.1-1.9)
0.6 (0.3-1.9)
0.9 (0.5-2.7)
0.5264
IFN-α2
0.4 (0.1-3.8)
3.8 (0.2-12.9)
1.5 (0.2-5.4)
0.0936
IFN-ɣ
2.2 (0.3-4.4)
3.5 (1.4-5.0)
4.0 (1.7-5.3)
0.2004
TNF-α
1.4 (0.5-2.9)
1.7 (0.9-2.3)
1.4 (0.7-2.0)
0.8198
MCP-1
197.2 (±38.6)c
215.7 (±65.7)
258.2 (±70.4)a
0.0108
IL-6
2.5 (1.3-4.5)
3.7 (1.7-4.6)
3.7 (2.2-5.0)
0.2763
IL-8
4.6 (2.4-7.0)
6.0 (2.9-8.9)
7.8 (5.4-12.5)
0.0516
IL-10
1.6 (±1.1)
1.7 (±0.9)
2.2 (±1.0)
0.1528
IL-12p70
0.4 (0.1-0.8)
0.5 (0.2-1.4)
0.6 (0.2-1.1)
0.6901
IL-17A
6.7 (1.5-11.7)
13.8 (5.1-21.5)
6.6 (4.7-16.5)
0.1451
IL-18
139.6 (102.6-177.2)c
203.0 (119.8-246.1)
216.2 (169.2-257.4)a
0.0027
IL-23
4.4 (2.3-6.7)
4.4 (3.0-8.2)
6.7 (2.4-8.3)
0.6348
IL-33
8.3 (2.3-12.0)
7.3 (4.1-21.4)
10.1 (5.2-15.2)
0.4732
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for nonparametric data and as mean (±standard deviation) for parametric data. aStatistical difference when compared vs. healthy controls group; bstatistical difference when compared vs. metabolic syndrome group; cstatistical difference when compared vs. type 2 diabetes mellitus. IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein. Statistical difference was established as value ≤ 0.05.
