The Effect of Diacerein on Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with Trial Sequential Analysis

Table 1

Basic characteristics of eligible studies.

Study	Location, duration	Sample size	Inclusion criteria	Study arms and participants	Cotreatment
Ramos-Zavala 2011 [17]	Mexico, 2 months	60	T2DM; age 40-60 years; <6months since diagnosis; overweight or obese (BMI 25.0-34.9); FBG 7.0-11.0 mmol/l; HbA1c 7-9%	T: diacerein (50 mg once daily during the first 15 days and twice daily for 45 additional days) F/M: 12/8; age: C: placebo, F/M: 9/11; age:	Usual lifestyle; general recommendations of medical therapy
Cardoso 2017 [16]	Brazil, 48 weeks	84	T2DM; years; HbA1c 7.5-9.5%, on either stable oral or insulin treatment	T: diacerein 100 mg/day; F/M: 33/10; C: placebo; F/M: 33/8; age:	Stable oral or insulin treatment
Villar 2017 [15]	Mexico, 90 days	12	T2DM; ; age 30-60 years; overweight or obese (BMI 25.0-34.9), with metformin as monotherapy (≥1500 mg per day) for at least the previous 90 days	T: 50 mg of diacerein before breakfast for 15 days and for the remaining 75 days dose was titrated to receive 50 mg of diacerein before breakfast and dinner; F/M: 2/4; age: C: placebo; F/M: 1/5; age: 54.0 ± 3.5;	Metformin as monotherapy
Tres 2018 [36]	Brazil, 12weeks	71	T2DM; age 34-79; HbA1c 7.4-11.0%; no kidney disease;	T:100 mg of diacerein per day; F/M: 15/20; age: C: placebo; F/M: 9/27; age	Prescribed glucose-lowering agents and dietary recommendations
Pei 2011 [18]	China, 24weeks	71	T2DM; UACR 50-300 mg/g	T: 100 mg of diacerein per day; F/M: 24/12; C: placebo; F/M: 24/11	ACEi and/or ARB

T2DM: type 2 diabetic mellitus; BMI: body mass index; FBG: fasting blood glucose; T: treatment; C: control; F: female; M: male; ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers.