Pyruvate-Enriched Oral Rehydration Solution Improves Glucometabolic Disorders in the Kidneys of Diabetic db/db Mice

Table 2

Changes in Serum Cr, BUN, and Cys-C and levels of urine protein and NGAL after different treatments ().

	Nor	Con	Pyr	Pyr-ORS
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)
Week 0
Week 8			^#
Serum BUN (mg/dl)
Week 0
Week 8
Serum Cystatin C (ng/ml)
Week 0
Week 8			^#	^#
Urine NGAL (ng/24 h)
Week 0
Week 8			^##	^##
24-hour urinary protein (mg)
Week 0
Week 8			^#

Nor (normal), C57BLKS/J nontreated mice; Con (control), C57BLKS/J diabetic db/db nontreated mice; Pyr, db/db mice drunk distilled water containing 1% pyruvate; Pyr-ORS, db/db mice drunk pyruvate-enriched ORS to replace distilled water, containing 0.35% pyruvate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; NAGL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. and vs. Nor; ^# and ^## vs. Con. Values were at week 0 and at week 8, respectively.