Identification of Potential Serum Metabolic Biomarkers of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Widely Targeted Metabolomics Study
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
Variables
DKD
Non-DKD
value
24
20
Age (years)
0.731
Male, # (%)
12 (50)
10 (50)
1
HbA1C (%)
0.419
BMI (kg/m2)
0.51
Duration (years)
0.122
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
0.116
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
77 (73, 80)
78 (74, 84)
0.369
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
0.776
Postprandial glucose (mmol/L)
0.947
C-peptide (ng/mL)
0 minute
0.895
120 minutes
0.207
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
0.2
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
0.02
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
0.977
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
0.075
Creatinine (μmol/L)
61.7 (51.9, 77.3)
58.8 (47.3, 70.0)
0.39
UACR (mg/mmol)
22.10 (6.47, 138.40)
2.04 (1.48, 2.61)
<0.001
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
0.245
Uric acid (μmol/L)
0.815
24-hour urinary protein (g/24 h)
0.18 (0.78, 0.87)
0.04 (0.02, 0.068)
<0.001
Free triiodothyronine (pg/mL)
0.061
Free thyroxine (ng/dL)
0.967
Thyroid stimulating hormone (μIU/mL)
2.0 (1.41, 2.29)
1.78 (1.0, 2.18)
0.443
β-CTX (pg/mL)
0.231
N-MID (ng/mL)
0.285
T-PINP (ng/mL)
0.453
Vitamin D (ng/mL)
0.184
Fatty liver, # (%)
14 (58.3)
14 (70)
0.07
Smoking, # (%)
5 (21)
4 (20)
0.946
Drinking, # (%)
7 (29)
3 (15)
0.264
Continuous data met normal or similar normal distribution were presented as and compared with independent -test. Otherwise, they were described as median (1st percentile, 3rd percentile) and Mann–Whitney tests were performed for the comparisons between the cases and controls. Categorical data were presented as frequency (percentage), and chi-square tests were applied to compare the differences between the two groups.
