Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Physical Activity and Risk of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Prediabetes among Males and Females in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2014

Table 1

Descriptive Characteristics according to Sex; NHANES, 2007-2014, (N = 17,871).


Characteristics	Overall (n = 17,871)	Female (n = 9,134)	Male (n = 8,737)	p value
Characteristics	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p value

Age (mean, SD)	43.48 (16.68)	44.81 (17.09)	42.06 (16.00)	< 0.0001
Race/ethncity
White	7,781 (67.89)	4,012 (68.44)	3,769 (67.29)	<0.0001
Black	3,659 (10.83)	1,854 (11.39)	1,805 (10.23)
Hispanic	4,553 (14.25)	2,344 (13.3)	2,209 (15.27)
Other	1,878 (7.03)	924 (6.87)	954 (7.21)
Body mass index				<0.0001
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m²)	386 (1.95)	243 (2.52)	143 (1.33)
Normal (18.5-<25 kg/m²)	5,624 (33.33)	2,974 (36.40)	2,650 (30.10)
Overweight (25-<30 kg/m²)	5,669 (33.84)	2,522 (28.86)	3,147 (39.17)
Obese (≥30 kg/m²)	5,439 (31.88)	3,075 (32.22)	2,364 (29.44)
Education				<0.0001
Less than high school	4,419 (16.89)	2,137 (15.95)	2,282 (17.89)
High school graduate	4,178 (22.51)	2,009 (21.16)	2,169 (23.96)
Some college	5,216 (31.22)	2,892 (33.39)	2,324 (28.88)
College graduate or higher	4,037 (29.38)	2,085 (29.50)	1,952 (29.27)
Family poverty/income ratio				<0.0001
≤1.3	5,515(23.01)	2,957 (24.3)	2,558 (21.63)
1.3-3.5	5,764 (34.34)	2,932 (34.84)	2,832 (33.81)
> 3.5	4, 998 (42.65)	2,449 (40.86)	2,549 (44.56)
Smoking status				<0.0001
Never	9,755 (57.15)	5,688 (62.22)	4,067 (51.68)
Past	3,558 (21.81)	1,477 (19.35)	2,081 (24.47)
Current	3,700 (21.04)	1,568 (18.43)	2, 132 (23.85)
Family history of diabetes				<0.0001
Yes	5,823 (33.39)	3,198 (35.36)	2,625 (31.26)
No	10,554 (66.61)	5,208 (64.64)	5,346 (68.74)
Hypertension				0.6
Yes	5,783 (29.69)	3,000 (29.90)	2,783 (29.47)
No	12,085 (70.31)	6,132 (70.10)	5,953 (29.47)
Healthy eating index score (mean, SD)	55.13 (13.36)	56.19 (13.18)	54.01 (13.19)	<0.0001
Total MVPA
None	4,173 (19.72)	2,615 (24.46)	1,558 (14.66)	<0.0001
<10 MET-hrs/wk	2,371 (13.07)	1,466 (15.97)	905 (9.98)
10-20 MET-hrs/wk	2,237 (12.98)	1,323 (15.15)	914 (10.66)
>20 MET-hrs/wk	9.090 (54.22)	3,730 (44.43)	5,360 (64.71)
Leisure-time MVPA				<0.0001
None	8,745 (43.33)	4,820 (46.39)	3,925 (40.05)
<10 MET-hrs/wk	2,663 (16.45)	1,498 (17.92)	1,165 (14.88)
10-20 MET-hrs/wk	2,330 (14.81))	1,213 (15.31)	1,117 (14.27)
>20 MET-hrs/wk	4,133 (25.42)	1,603 (20.39)	2,530 (30.80)
Occupational MVPA				<0.0001
None	10,598 (56.07)	6,076 (63.43)	4,522 (48.21)
<10 MET-hrs/wk	1,225 (7.54)	655 (7.96)	570 (7.09)
10-20 MET-hrs/wk	1,046 (6.68)	506 (6.43)	540 (6.95)
>20 MET-hrs/wk	5,002 (29.71)	1,897 (22.18)	3,105 (37.75)

Abbreviations: MET, Metabolic Equivelent; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Percents, means, and standard deviations are weighted; counts are sampled number of observations; numbers may not sum to 17,871 due to missing data.