Association between Uric Acid and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China: A Cross-Sectional Inpatient Study
Table 1
Comparison of general characteristics, diabetic complication, biochemical indices, BMD, and bone metabolism markers among the three groups.
Index
Normal group ()
Osteopenia group ()
Osteoporosis group ()
Age (year)
a
a,b
9.93
<0.05
BMI (kg/m2)
a
a,b
3.26
<0.05
Diabetes duration (year)
a,b
3.18
<0.05
Menopausal year (year)
a
a,b
2.87
<0.05
SBP (mmHg)
1.86
0.16
DBP (mmHg)
0.75
0.47
PMOF (%)
2.5 (2.0-2.7)
3.6 (3.2-4.3)a
7.2 (5.8-9.7)a,b
2.96
<0.05
PHF (%)
0.3 (0.2-0.5)
1.0 (0.6-1.4)a
3.8 (1.8-5.3)a,b
2.45
<0.05
HbA1c (%)
2.38
0.10
FBG (mmol/l)
0.20
0.82
TC (mmol/l)
0.42
0.66
TG (mmol/l)
0.98
0.38
LDL-C (mmol/l)
1.21
0.30
HDL-C (mmol/l)
1.13
0.32
UA (μmol/l)
a
a,b
3.26
<0.05
eGFR (ml/min/1.732)
a
a,b
4.23
<0.05
Ca (mmol/l)
1.34
0.27
PTH (pmol/l)
1.16
0.32
Lumbar BMD (g/cm2)
a
a,b
100.71
<0.05
Hip BMD (g/cm2)
a
a,b
194.02
<0.05
OC (ng/ml)
a
a,b
2.79
<0.05
β-CTX (ng/ml)
2.24
0.11
P1NP (ng/ml)
2.07
0.13
25(OH)D (ng/ml)
a
a,b
2.99
<0.05
Complications
Nephropathy (%)
7 (17.07%)
25 (20.49%)
17 (17.17%)
0.48
0.79
Neuropathy (%)
5 (12.20%)
13 (10.66%)
13 (13.13%)
0.33
0.85
Retinopathy (%)
6 (14.63%)
15 (12.30%)
10 (10.10%)
0.62
0.73
Types of antidiabetic drugs
Metformin (%)
33 (80.49%)
89 (72.95%)
66 (66.67%)
2.89
0.24
SU (%)
10 (24.39%)
24 (19.67%)
22 (22.22%)
0.47
0.79
α-Glycosidase inhibitors (%)
10 (24.39%)
44 (36.07%)
37 (37.37%)
2.33
0.31
SGLT-2 inhibitor (%)
1 (2.44%)
2 (1.64%)
1 (1.01%)
0.41
0.81
TZD (%)
0
0
0
—
—
GLP-1 receptor agonist (%)
2 (4.88%)
4 (3.28%)
3 (3.03%)
0.32
0.85
DDP-4 inhibitor (%)
31 (75.61%)
78 (63.93%)
65 (65.66%)
1.92
0.38
Insulin (%)
12 (29.27%)
33 (27.05%)
19 (19.19%)
2.44
0.29
Note: a compared with the normal group; b compared with the osteopenia group. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; UA: uric acid; Ca: calcium; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PTH: parathyroid hormone; eGFR: glomerular filtration rate; BMD: bone mineral density; PMOF: probability of a major osteoporotic fracture; PHF: probability of hip fracture; SU: sulfonylurea; SGLT-2: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; TZD: thiazolidinedione; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1; DDP-4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4.
