Clinical Examination and Self-Reported Upper Extremity Impairments in Patients with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 3

Correlation between clinical examination of the shoulder and self-reported upper extremity impairments.

		Clinical examination SHOULDER
		Hands behind head	Hands against back	Hands to roof	Flexion	Extension	Abduction	Inward rotation	Outward rotation
Questionnaire	Shoulder pain	0.320	0.449	0.409	-0.477	-0.247	-0.364	-0.385	-0.430
	Shoulder stiffness	0.429	0.546	0.501	-0.562	-0.398	-0.492	-0.442	-0.456
	Hand pain	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Hand stiffness	ns	ns	ns	-0.260	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Tingling fingers	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Wake up to tingling fingers	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Reduced hand strength	ns	0.284	0.340	-0.267	ns	ns	ns	-0.372
	Finger locked	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	-0.243
	Hand nodules	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	-0.312	ns
	Flexed finger	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Previous CT surgery	ns	0.342	0.302	ns	ns	ns	ns	-0.296
	Previous TF surgery	0.335	0.392	ns	ns	-0.328	ns	-0.257	-0.250

Data is presented as correlation coefficient “”, 1 = present and 0 = absent. Significance levels are and .