Clinical Examination and Self-Reported Upper Extremity Impairments in Patients with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 4

Correlation between clinical examination of the hand/fingers and self-reported upper extremity impairments.

		Clinical examination HAND/FINGER
		Grip force (Newton)	Tinel’s test	Phalen’s test	Prayer’s sign	Thenar strength	Trigger finger	Painful hand nodules	Fibrosis string structure	Reduced finger extension
Questionnaire	Shoulder pain	-0.238	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Shoulder stiffness	ns	ns	0.273	0.354	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Hand pain	-0.325	ns	ns	0.307	ns	0.380	ns	ns	ns
	Hand stiffness	-0.352	0.292	ns	ns	0.313	0.374	ns	ns	ns
	Tingling fingers	ns	ns	ns	0.248	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Wake up to tingling fingers	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Reduced hand strength	-0.461	ns	ns	0.350	0.269	0.435	ns	0.311	ns
	Finger locked	ns	0.263	ns	0.284	ns	0.318	ns	0.256	ns
	Hand nodules	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Flexed finger	-0.285	ns	ns	0.369	0.250	0.506	0.306	ns	ns
	Previous CT surgery	ns	ns	ns	0.257	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Previous TF surgery	ns	ns	ns	0.456	0.252	0.308	0.507	ns	ns

Data is presented as correlation coefficient “”, 1 = present and 0 = absent. Significance levels are and .