Combined Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Trajectories of Ultrasound-Measured Fetal Growth: A Birth Cohort Study in Beijing, China

Table 2

Associations of maternal 25(OH)D deficiency and GDM with fetal growth trajectories.

Predictors		Fetal growth assessed by EFW -score			Fetal growth assessed by AC -score
		(%) with excessive fetal growth	Crude OR	Adjusted OR	(%) with excessive fetal growth	Crude OR	Adjusted OR
VDD
No	7565	3662 (48.4)	Reference	Reference	3538 (46.8)	Reference	Reference
Yes	3348	1717 (51.3)	1.12 (1.04, 1.22)	1.11 (1.02, 1.21)	1618 (48.3)	1.07 (0.98, 1.16)	1.06 (0.97, 1.15)
GDM
No	8642	4157 (48.1)	Reference	Reference	3958 (45.8)	Reference	Reference
Yes	2271	1222 (53.8)	1.26 (1.15, 1.38)	1.17 (1.06, 1.29)	1198 (52.8)	1.32 (1.20, 1.45)	1.20 (1.09, 1.32)

Abbreviations: AC: abdominal circumference; EFW: estimated fetal growth; CI: confidence interval; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; OR: odds ratio; VDD: maternal 25(OH)D deficiency.