Clinical Features and Risk Factors of ICU Admission for COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes

Table 3

Risk factors of ICU admission for COVID-19 patients with DM.

	Univariable OR (95% CI)	value	Multivariable OR (95% CI)	value
Age (years)	1.09 (1.02-1.27)	<0.0001	1.07 (1.02-1.13)	0.007
Female sex (vs. male)	0.12 (0.01-1.27)	0.077	..	..
Hypertension	2.333 (0.216-25.245)	0.486
CVD	2.33 (0.22-25.25)	0.486	..	..
Fever	0.75 (0.061-9.27)	0.823
Cough	2.91 (0.27-31.21)	0.575	..	..
Expectoration	0.70 (0.06-7.85)	0.772	..	..
Fatigue	12.0 (0.81-77.43)	0.071	..	..
Myalgia	5.67 (0.56-57.23)	0.142	..	..
Headache	4.50 (0.23-88.24)	0.322	..	..
Respiratory breaths per min	7.73 (3.22-38.56)	0.003	5.22 (2.26-16.58)	0.016
Lymphocyte count (×10^9/L)			..	..
≤1.1	1.44 (0.19-11.04)	0.732
>1.1	1 (ref)
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	1.57 (0.64-7.25)	0.648	..	..
HbA1c (%)
<7%	1 (ref)		1 (ref)
≥7%	5.70 (2.19-15.46)	0.006	4.58 (1.82-10.55)	0.012
Platelet count (×10^9/L)	1.00 (0.990-1.01)	0.996	..	..
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)			..	..
≤0.05	1 (ref)
0.05-10	3.0 (0.248-36.33)	0.388
>10	1.4 (0.07-28.12)	0.826
CRP (mg/L)
≤10	1 (ref)		..	..
>10	2.33 (0.22-25.25)	0.486	..	..
D-dimer (μg/L)
≤1000	1 (ref)		..	..
>1000	3.20 (0.29-34.58)	0.388	..	..
Myoglobin (μg/L)	1.02 (0.99-1.01)	0.654	..	..
Creatine kinase (U/L)	1.01 (0.99-1.05)	0.664	..	..
ALT (U/L)
≤50	1 (ref)		..
>50	3.70 (1.53-8.83)	0.044	..	…
AST (U/L)
≤40	1 (ref)		1 (ref)	..
>40	3.92 (1.82-9.62)	0.006	2.96 (1.58-8.85)	0.022

Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; CRP: C-reactive protein; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase.