Association between PNPLA2 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease in a Chinese Han Population with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Demographics and clinical characteristics of T2DM patients with and without kidney diseases.

Variables	DM ()^a	DKD ()^a
Age (y)	61.0 (54.0, 68.0)	63.0 (54.0, 72.0)	0.001
Sex, male (%)	58.77 (258/439)	62.80 (238/379)	0.240
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.34 (23.20, 27.68)	25.80 (24.0, 28.23)	0.007
Duration of diabetes (y)	13.0 (10.0, 18.0)	14.0 (9.0, 20.0)	0.242
History of hypertension (%)	49.66 (218/439)	78.89 (299/379)	<0.001
Currently smoking (%)	27.79 (122/439)	33.51 (127/379)	0.076
SBP (mmHg)	126.0 (120.0, 140.0)	138.0 (125.00, 150.0)	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	80.0 (70.0, 80.00)	80.0 (74.0, 84.0)	0.032
A1C (%)	7.90 (6.70, 9.30)	7.50 (6.40, 9.20)	0.025
Hcy (μmol/L)	11.46 (9.50, 13.42)	13.44 (10.70, 16.94)	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.14 (3.50, 4.86)	4.25 (3.49, 5.06)	0.031
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.01 (0.84, 1.22)	0.96 (0.78, 1.18)	0.185
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.38 (1.93, 2.97)	2.39 (1.87, 3.00)	0.690
TG (mmol/L)	1.43 (1.00, 2.19)	1.72 (1.22, 2.57)	<0.001

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; A1C: hemoglobin A1C; Hcy: homocysteine; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride. ^aData are shown as median (interquartile range) or %. indicates statistical significance.