Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Gout: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Table 3
Stratified meta-analysis and metaregression of the association of DM and the risk of gout.
Covariates
No. of study
RR (95% CI)
(%)
Metaregression
(%)
Overall
7
0.66 (0.59, 0.73)
89.2
<0.000
Subgroup analyses
Types of DM
0 .000
99.6
0.01
DM
2
0.84 (0.68, 1.05)
22.4
0.256
T1DM
2
0.42 (0.28, 0.63)
81.5
0.020
T2DM
3
0.72 (0.70, 0.74)
0.0
0.415
Study design
0.01
26.2
0.149
Cohort study
3
0.77 (0.68, 0.88)
39.7
0.191
Case-control study
4
0.58 (0.48, 0.69)
93.7
<0.000
Geographical location
0.072
16.9
0.208
Asia
2
0.84 (0.68, 1.05)
22.4
0.256
Europe
5
0.62 (0.55, 0.70)
92.1
<0.000
Abbreviations: RR—relative risk; CI—confidence interval; — value for heterogeneity within each subgroup; — value for heterogeneity between subgroups in metaregression analysis.
