Time in Range, as a Novel Metric of Glycemic Control, Is Reversely Associated with Presence of Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Independent of HbA1c in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes

<div>Prevalence of CAN in different quartiles (Q1-Q4) of TIR. <sup>a</sup>CAN: cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; <sup>b</sup>TIR <svg height="10.9105pt" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-2.15716pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 43.5345 10.9105" width="43.5345pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M720 -138C627 -96 538 -41 476 2C594 39 703 153 703 331C703 532 552 665 384 665C170 665 44 499 44 315C44 215 87 129 147 73C211 11 298 -11 355 -14C476 -99 554 -136 584 -144S664 -160 712 -159L720 -138ZM348 25C231 49 146 172 146 342C146 533 249 629 360 629C497 629 601 510 601 302C601 142 523 51 443 28C434 34 425 41 416 47L348 25Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.721,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.593,0)"><path d="M531 71V127L115 310L531 494V550L57 335V285L531 71ZM531 -40V10H57V-40H531Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,30.856,0)"><path d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.096,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg>%, Q2: 41-64%, Q3: 64-83%, <svg height="10.9105pt" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-2.15716pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 43.5345 10.9105" width="43.5345pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M720 -138C627 -96 538 -41 476 2C594 39 703 153 703 331C703 532 552 665 384 665C170 665 44 499 44 315C44 215 87 129 147 73C211 11 298 -11 355 -14C476 -99 554 -136 584 -144S664 -160 712 -159L720 -138ZM348 25C231 49 146 172 146 342C146 533 249 629 360 629C497 629 601 510 601 302C601 142 523 51 443 28C434 34 425 41 416 47L348 25Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.721,0)"><path d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.593,0)"><path d="M512 230V281L75 514V456L453 256V254L75 55V-3L512 230Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,30.856,0)"><path d="M249 635C141 635 70 555 70 471C70 401 114 353 179 316C143 294 106 267 90 252C68 231 45 202 45 157C45 50 130 -12 237 -12C322 -12 435 52 435 169C435 256 372 304 303 343C349 374 375 398 383 407C401 429 411 458 411 487C411 569 344 635 249 635ZM238 603C285 603 337 567 337 482C337 422 310 385 276 358C205 393 145 426 145 500C145 552 179 603 238 603ZM248 20C183 20 125 70 125 163C125 218 158 268 206 300C284 261 355 217 355 143C355 66 308 20 248 20Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.096,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"></path></g></svg>%. <sup>c</sup>As shown in this figure, patients were divided into groups according to quartiles of the time in range (TIR), the proportion of definite CAN decreased with the increase of TIR, while a similar decreased was found between the prevalence of severe CAN and quartiles of TIR (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="9.2729pt" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-0.6370001pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 44.8393 9.2729" width="44.8393pt" 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622C222 614 225 607 210 531L130 127C113 41 106 36 23 28L17 0H294L300 28C204 36 195 42 212 127L243 284L314 263C327 263 339 263 352 264C465 271 600 337 600 480ZM508 481C508 351 402 304 329 304C289 304 265 311 250 317L295 559C302 594 310 606 323 611C335 616 350 619 367 619C455 619 508 573 508 481Z"></path></g></svg> value for the significant difference among the groups was determined by <svg height="9.59912pt" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-3.63821pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.69399 9.59912" width="7.69399pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M565 434L556 448L482 423L322 189L287 373C280 410 261 448 236 448C207 448 161 415 110 338L131 317C160 355 181 374 193 374C204 374 208 366 217 330C230 279 247 185 259 116L50 -175C18 -223 29 -260 41 -278H51C97 -198 207 -33 270 57L313 -165C328 -235 349 -261 376 -261S445 -244 510 -150L487 -127C444 -178 423 -186 411 -186C402 -186 398 -177 387 -130C371 -62 349 39 332 135C390 217 524 392 565 434Z"></path></g></svg><sup>2</sup>-test.</div>

Journal of Diabetes Research

fig2

Figure 2

Figure 2: Time in Range, as a Novel Metric of Glycemic Control, Is Reversely Associated with Presence of Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Independent of HbA1c in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes 

Figure 2 | Time in Range, as a Novel Metric of Glycemic Control, Is Reversely Associated with Presence of Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Independent of HbA1c in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes 