Time in Range, as a Novel Metric of Glycemic Control, Is Reversely Associated with Presence of Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Independent of HbA1c in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes
Table 5
Association between quartiles of TIR and CAN.
β
S.E.
Wald
OR (95% CI)
Model 1
TIR Q1
—
—
—
—
1 (reference)
TIR Q2
-0.686
0.367
3.483
0.062
0.504 (0.245-1.035)
TIR Q3
-1.265
0.393
10.347
0.001
0.282 (0.131-0.610)
TIR Q4
-2.364
0.511
21.394
<0.001
0.094 (0.035-0.256)
Model 2
TIR Q1
—
—
—
—
1 (reference)
TIR Q2
-0.676
0.371
3.332
0.068
0.508 (0.246-1.051)
TIR Q3
-1.250
0.403
9.637
0.002
0.287 (0.130-0.631)
TIR Q4
-2.337
0.532
19.307
<0.001
0.097 (0.034-0.274)
SD
0.018
0.099
0.033
0.856
1.018 (0.838-1.237)
Model 3
TIR Q1
—
—
—
—
1 (reference)
TIR Q2
-0.649
0.370
3.084
0.079
0.523 (0.253-1.078)
TIR Q3
-1.229
0.395
9.663
0.002
0.292 (0.135-0.635)
TIR Q4
-2.312
0.514
20.241
<0.001
0.099 (0.036-0.271)
MAGE
0.071
0.110
0.419
0.517
1.074 (0.866-1.331)
Model 4
TIR Q1
—
—
—
—
1 (reference)
TIR Q2
-0.675
0.369
3.357
0.067
0.509 (0.247-1.048)
TIR Q3
-1.254
0.394
10.120
0.001
0.285 (0.132-0.618)
TIR Q4
-2.387
0.514
21.538
<0.001
0.092 (0.034-0.252)
CV
-0.646
1.471
0.193
0.661
0.524 (0.029-9.372)
Model 5
TIR Q1
—
—
—
—
1 (reference)
TIR Q2
-0.701
0.370
3.598
0.058
0.496 (0.240-1.024)
TIR Q3
-1.303
0.405
10.358
0.001
0.272 (0.123-0.601)
TIR Q4
-2.425
0.534
20.615
<0.001
0.088 (0.031-0.252)
LAGE
-0.009
0.022
0.162
0.688
0.991 (0.948-1.036)
Model 6
TIR Q1
—
—
—
—
1 (reference)
TIR Q2
-0.720
0.404
3.169
0.075
0.487 (0.221-1.075)
TIR Q3
-1.319
0.474
7.750
0.005
0.267 (0.106-0.677)
TIR Q4
-2.439
0.631
14.916
<0.001
0.087 (0.025-0.301)
ADDR
-0.003
0.014
0.041
0.839
0.997 (0.971-1.025)
Model 7
TIR Q1
—
—
—
—
1 (reference)
TIR Q2
-0.417
0.426
0.957
0.328
0.659 (0.286-1.519)
TIR Q3
-0.917
0.487
3.541
0.060
0.400 (0.154-1.039)
TIR Q4
-1.958
0.602
10.583
0.001
0.141 (0.043-0.459)
value
0.015
0.013
1.306
0.253
1.015 (0.990-1.040)
aTIR: time in range; SD: standard deviation; MAGE: mean amplitude of glucose excursions; CV: coefficient of variation; LAGE: largest amplitude of plasma glucose excursions; ADDR: average daily risk range; HR: heart rate; CI: confidence interval. bModel 1 was adjusted for age, diabetes duration, sex, blood pressure, lipid profile, SCr, BMI, and HbA1c (%); model 2 was adjusted for variables as in model 1 and for SD; model 3 was adjusted for variables as in model 1 and for MAGE; model 4 was adjusted for variables as in model 1 and for CV; model 5 was adjusted for variables as in model 1 and for LAGE; model 6 was adjusted for variables as in model 1 and for ADDR; model 7 was adjusted for variables as in model 1 and for value. cTIR %, Q2: 41-64%, Q3: 64-83%,%.
