Research Article
Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic and Lipid Levels in Ambulatory Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population stratified by sex (309).
| Variables | Sex | value | Total (%) | Male (%) | Female (%) |
| Patient age (years) | <40 | 4 (25.0) | 12 (75.0) | 0.004 | 16 (5.2) | 41-60 | 82 (48.2) | 88 (51.8) | 170 (55.0) | >60 | 77 (62.6) | 46 (37.4) | 123 (39.8) | Duration of DM (years) | <5 | 29 (50.9) | 28 (49.1) | 0.815 | 57 (18.4) | 6-10 | 53 (50.0) | 53 (50.0) | 106 (34.3) | 11-15 | 26 (51.0) | 25 (49.0) | 51 (16.5) | 16-20 | 36 (59.0) | 25 (41.0) | 61 (19.7) | >20 | 19 (55.9) | 15 (44.1) | 34 (11.0) | Occupation | Not employed | 28 (18.9) | 120 (81.1) | 0.001 | 148 (47.9) | Driver | 28 (100) | 0 (0) | 28 (2.9) | Health worker | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | 9 (2.9) | Private sector | 5 (10.6) | 42 (89.4) | 47 (15.2) | Public sector | 63 (81.8) | 14 (18.2) | 77 (24.9) | Educational level | Illiterate | 4 (8.5) | 43 (91.5) | 0.001 | 47 (15.2) | Primary | 57 (50.4) | 56 (49.6) | 113 (36.6) | Secondary | 60 (61.2) | 38 (38.8) | 98 (31.7) | Tertiary | 42 (82.4) | 9 (17.6) | 51 (16.5) | Dieting (yes) | 132 (50.6) | 129 (49.9) | 0.051 | 261 (84.5) | Alcohol (yes) | 58 (87.9) | 8 (12.1) | 0.001 | 66 (21.4) | Physical exercising (yes) | 95 (56.9) | 72 (43.1) | 0.071 | 167 (54.0) | Smoking (yes) | 15 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0.001 | 15 (100) | Hypertension (yes) | 63 (47.7) | 69 (52.3) | 0.293 | 132 (42.7) | Family member with DM (yes) | 60 (54.1) | 51 (45.9) | 0.411 | 111 (35.9) | BMI (kg/m2) | <18.5 | 7 (43.8) | 9 (56.3) | 0.001 | 16 (5.2) | 18.6–25 | 96 (61.5) | 60 (38.5) | 156 (50.5) | 25–30 | 56 (51.9) | 52 (48.1) | 108 (35.0) | >30 | 4 (13.8) | 25 (86.2) | 29 (9.4) | Waist circumference (abnormal) | 108 (49.5) | 110 (50.5) | 0.052 | 218 (70.6) | eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 29 (25.4) | 85 (74.6) | 0.001 | 114 (36.9) | CRP (positive) | 13 (37.1) | 22 (62.9) | 0.037 | 35 (11.3) | FPG (abnormal) | 109 (50.2) | 108 (49.8) | 0.213 | 217 (70.5) |
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CRP: C-reactive protein; DM: diabetes mellitus; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rates.
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